Local rigidity of certain classes of almost Kähler 4-manifolds (Q1599388)

An almost Kähler structure on a manifold \(M^{2n}\) is an almost Hermitian structure \((g,J,\Omega)\) with a closed fundamental 2-form \(\Omega .\) If the almost complex structure \(J\) is integrable, then \((g,J, \Omega)\) is a Kähler structure. Almost Kähler metrics for which the almost complex structure is not integrable will be called strictly almost Kähler metrics. Let \((M,g,J)\) be a strictly almost Kähler 4-manifold in the class \({\mathcal AK}_3\) (i.e. \(R_{XYZW}=R_{JXJYJZJW}\)) and suppose that the Nijenhuis tensor of \((g,J)\) defined above belongs to the class of \({\mathcal AK}_3\) as well. For an oriented 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold, the Weyl tensor splits, under the action of \(SO(4),\) into its dual and anti-self-dual parts, \(W^{+}\) and \(W^{-}.\) For every almost Hermitian 4-manifold \((M,g,J,\Omega)\) the self dual part of the Weyl tensor decomposes further under the action of \(U(2),\) considering \(W^{+}\) as a trace-free, self adjoint endomorphism of the bundle of self-dual 2-forms \(\Lambda ^{+}M.\) Let \(W^{+}_2\) be the part of \(W^{+}\) that interchanges the two factors of the \(U(2)\)-splittings of \(\Lambda ^{+}M\) and \(W^{+}_3\) be a trace-free, self-adjoint endomorphism of the real vector bundle, underlying the anti-canonical bundle \(\Lambda ^{0,2}M.\) The traceless part of the Ricci tensor \({Ric}_{0}\) decomposes under \(U(2)\) into two irreducible components -- the invariant part and the anti-invariant part with respect to \(J\), \(\text{Ric}_0^{inv}\) and \(\text{Ric}_{0}^{anti}.\) The curvature of a Kähler metric \((g,J)\) satisfies the following conditions (*) \({Ric}_0^{anti}=0, W_2^{+}=0, W_3^{+}=0,\) \noindent referred to as the second Gray condition of the curvature. It is natural to wonder if the integrability of the almost complex structure is implied by (*). In the present paper it is shown that any stricly almost Kähler 4-manifold whose curvature satisfies (*) is locally isometric to the (unique) 4-dimensional proper 3-symmetric space. Thus any complete, simply connected strictly almost Kähler 4-manifold, satisfying (*), is globally isometric to the proper 3-symmetric 4-space. The result provides a differential geometric proof of the existence and the uniqueness of the proper 3-symmetric 4-space. Also, from Wall's classification of compact locally homogeneous complex surfaces, one sees that there are no compact strictly almost Kähler 4-manifolds satisfying (*). Although the main goal of this paper is the study of almost Kähler 4-manifolds which satisfy (*), the previous result is derived from the local classification of a larger class of strictly almost Kähler 4-manifolds: Any 4-dimensional non-Kähler, doubly \({\mathcal AK}_3\) metric is locally isometric to one of the metrics \(g=e^ux(dx^2+dy^2)+xdz^2+{1\over x}(dt+ydz)^2,\) \noindent defined on \(M=\{(x,y,z,t)\in {\mathbb R}\mid x>0\},\) for any smooth function \(u\) of \((x,y).\) The results obtained generalize those of \textit{J. Armstrong} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 542, 53-84 (2002; Zbl 1025.53042)]. It is conjectured that the local classification obtained could be further extended to the general case of strictly \({\mathcal AK}_3\) 4-manifolds, so the doubly \({\mathcal AK}_3\) assumption can be removed.