Graded subalgebras of the Lie algebra of a smooth manifold (Q1599709)

Let \(M\) be a smooth manifold of dimension \(n>1 \). Then \(M\) can be embeded in \(\mathbb{R}^m\) for some \(m>n\) such that the resulting point set forms an analytic manifold with no boundary [cf. \textit{H. Whitney}, Differential manifolds, Ann. Math. (2) 37, 645-680 (1936; Zbl 0015.32001)]. Let \(\mathcal{L}(M)\) be the Lie algebra of smooth vector fields on \(M\) that smoothly go to zero at infinity if \(M\) is not compact. Let \(\mathfrak{m}(M)\) be the Lie subalgebra of \(\mathcal{L}(M)\) generated by \(n\) analytic vector fields that span the tangent space at some point of \(M\) and such that no subset generates a finite dimensional Lie algebra. It is shown that \( \mathfrak{m}(M)\) is a graded Lie algebra and that \(\mathfrak{m}(M)\) is isomorphic to \(\mathfrak{m}(\widetilde{M})\) if and only if \(M\) and \(\widetilde{M}\) are diffeomorphic. The author suggests a possible application in constructing two different diffeomorphism classes of \(S^4\). Another type of (graded) Lie subalgebras of \(\mathcal{L}(M)\) associated to atlases of the manifold is also constructed and investigated.