A family of Krall polynomials (Q1601165)

It is shown that the polynomials which are orthogonal on the interval \([0,1]\) with respect to the weight function \[ w(x)=x^{\gamma}+M_0\delta(x)+M_1\delta(1-x),\quad\gamma\in\{0,1,2,\ldots\} , \quad M_0,M_1\geq 0, \] are eigenfunctions of a differential operator of order \(2\gamma+6\) with polynomial coefficients. These polynomials can be seen as a special case of the generalized Jacobi polynomials \(P_n^{\alpha,\beta,M,N}(x)\) introduced by \textit{T. H. Koornwinder} in [Can. Math. Bull. 27, 205-214 (1984; Zbl 0507.33005)] which are orthogonal on the interval \([-1,1]\) with respect to the weight function \[ \begin{multlined} w(x)=\frac{\Gamma(\alpha+\beta+2)}{2^{\alpha+\beta+1}\Gamma(\alpha+1)\Gamma(\beta+1)} (1-x)^{\alpha}(1+x)^{\beta}+M\delta(x+1)+N\delta(x-1),\\ \alpha,\beta>-1, \qquad M,N\geq 0.\end{multlined} \] The paper under review deals with the case that \(\beta=0\) and \(\alpha=\gamma\) is an integer. In [\textit{J. Koekoek} and \textit{R. Koekoek}, J. Comput. Appl. Anal. 126, No. 1-2, 1-31 (2000; Zbl 0970.33004)] it is shown that the generalized Jacobi polynomials \(P_n^{\alpha,\beta,M,N}(x)\) satisfy a differential equation with polynomial coefficients which is of infinite order in general. For \(M,N>0\) and integer values of \(\alpha,\beta\) the order of the differential equation equals \(2\alpha+2\beta+6\). For \(M>0\), \(N=0\) and integer values of \(\alpha\) the order equals \(2\alpha+4\) and for \(M=0\), \(N>0\) and integer values of \(\beta\) the order equals \(2\beta+4\). Moreover, the (polynomial) coefficients of the differential equations are given explicitly. In the paper under review a complete different (algebraic) method is used to construct the differential operators. This method was introduced in [\textit{A. Zhedanov}, J. Comput. Appl. Anal. 107, No. 1, 1-20 (1999; Zbl 0929.33008)] and (there) applied to the case \(M>0\) and \(N=0\). In the paper under review this method is applied to a special case (\(\beta=0\)) of the case \(M,N>0\). The same constructive method was used in [\textit{L. Vinet} and \textit{A. Zhedanov}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 129, No. 5, 1317-1327 (2001; Zbl 0973.33009)] to investigate \(q\)-Krall polynomials. See also \textit{L. Vinet, O. Yermolayeva} and \textit{A. Zhedanov}, J. Comput. Appl. Anal. 133, No. 1-2, 647-656 (2001; Zbl 0990.33011).