Asymptotic distribution of nodes for near-optimal polynomial interpolation on certain curves in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) (Q1601821)

Let \(E\subset \mathbb R^s\) be compact and let \(d_n^E\) denote the dimension of the space of polynomials of degree at most \(n\) in \(s\) variables restricted to \(E\). The authors introduce the notion of an asymptotic interpolation measure (AIM) \(\mu^E\) describing, \textit{if it exists}, the asymptotic behavior of any scheme \(\tau_n = \{{\mathbf X}_{k,n}\}_{k=1}^{d_n^E}\), \(n\in\mathbb N\), of nodes for multivariate polynomial interpolation for which the norms of the corresponding interpolation operators do not grow geometrically large with \(n\). Some simple consequences of Auerbach's theorem that are essential for the proofs of the main results are given. It is proved that the union of finitely many subsets of algebraic curves having AIMs again has an AIM. Using the theory of logarithmic potential with external fields in \(\mathbb R^2\), it is shown that the union of finitely many compact subsets of positive capacity of algebraic curves of genus \(0\) in \(\mathbb R^2\) has an AIM and their \(\mu^E\) is determined. The essential feature of such curves is that they admit a rational parametrization. The obtained result applies in the case when \(E\) is a compact subset of the image of the unit circle under a rational mapping \(w =p(z)/q(z)\) in the complex variable \(z\) or a compact subset of a curve consisting of piecewise conies. The inverse problem of constructing good interpolation points when \(\mu^E\) is known, is considered.