Pythagorean identity for polyharmonic polynomials (Q1607821)

The authors call Pythagorean identity for spherical harmonics the relation \[ \sum^{d^k_n}_{j=1} [y^j_k(s)]^2= \omega_n d^k_n, \] where \(y^k_j(x)\) is an element of the orthonormal basis of \(L^k_n\); \(L^k_n\) -- the vector space of real, homogeneous, polynomial solutions of degree \(k\) for the equation \(\Delta u=0\), \(\Delta\) -- the Laplace operator in \(\mathbb{R}^n\); \(\omega_n\) -- the surface area of the unit sphere \(\Sigma_1\) in \(\mathbb{R}^n\); \(s\in\Sigma_1\), the unit sphere; \(d^k_n\) -- the dimension of \(L^k_n\). The above expression generalizes the known Pythagoras' theorem \(\sin^2\theta+ \cos^2\theta= 1\) in \(\mathbb{R}^2\). In the present paper this property of the orthonormal basis in \(L^k_n\) is extended to the space \(J^k_n\) of homogeneous, polyharmonic polynomials of degree \(k\). In this case, the above relation becomes \(\sum^{b^k_n}_{j=1} [Q^j_k(s)]^2= Y^k_n\), where \(Q^j_k(x)\) is an element of the orthonormal basis of \(J^k_n\); \(b^k_n\) -- the dimension of \(J^k_n\); \(Y^k_n\) -- a constant depending on \(n\) and \(k\). This assertion is proved and conditions are given under which a series of polyharmonic polynomials is convergent.