The class of functions convex in the negative direction of the imaginary axis of order \((\alpha,\beta)\) (Q1607896)

For fixed \(\alpha ,\beta \in [0,1]\), we set \[ A(\alpha ,\beta)= \left \{ z\in \mathbb C : -(1-\alpha)\frac{\pi }{2}\leq \arg z\leq -(1-\beta)\frac{\pi }{2} \right \} \cup \{ 0\} . \] A domain \(D\subset\mathbb C\) is said to be convex in the negative direction of the imaginary axis of order \((\alpha, \beta)\) if and only if \(w+iA(\alpha ,\beta)\subset D\) for every \(w\in D\). The author defines the class \(\mathcal C\mathcal V^-_{\alpha ,\beta }\) of functions convex in the negative direction of the imaginary axis of order \((\alpha, \beta)\) as the class of those functions which are analytic and univalent in the unit disc \(\Delta \) and such that \(f(\Delta)\) is a domain convex in the negative direction of the imaginary axis of order \((\alpha, \beta)\). In the case \(\alpha =\beta=1\), the class \(\mathcal C\mathcal V^-_{\alpha ,\beta }\) reduces to the class of functions convex in the negative direction of the imaginary axis. In this paper the author obtains an analytic characterization of the classes \(\mathcal C\mathcal V^-_{\alpha ,\beta }\): If \(f\) is analytic in \(\Delta \) then \(f\in \mathcal C\mathcal V^-_{\alpha ,\beta }\) if and only if there exists \(\mu\in \mathbb R\) such that \[ -\beta \frac{\pi }{2}\arg \{ -ie^{i\mu }(1-e^{-i\mu }z)^2f'(z)\} \leq \alpha \frac{\pi }{2},\quad z\in \Delta . \] To prove this result the author constructs for every domain convex in the negative direction of the imaginary axis of order \((\alpha, \beta)\) \(D\) a prime end \(p_\infty (D)\), he uses this prime end to define a kind of boundary normalization in the class \(\mathcal C\mathcal V^-_{\alpha ,\beta }\) and makes use of \textit{G. Julia}'s lemma [Acta Math. 42, 349-355 (1920; JFM 47.0272.01)] to prove that normalized \(\mathcal C\mathcal V^-_{\alpha ,\beta }\)-functions preserves convexity in the negative direction of the imaginary axis of order \((\alpha ,\beta)\) on every horocycle \(\mathbb O_k= \{ z\in \Delta : \frac{|1-z|^2}{1-|z|^2}<k\} \) \((k>0)\).