Polynomial \(\tau\)-functions of the NLS-Toda hierarchy and the Virasoro singular vectors. (Q1611320)

The main object of this paper is the investigation of the family of the Schur functions associated with the rectangular Young diagrams. Such functions appear in the studies of integrable systems and related representations: in the theory of the Virasoro singular vectors, in the Fock space of central charge \(c=1\), and in the description of the NLS-Toda hierarchy by polynomial \(\tau\) functions. One aim of this paper is to discuss these theories in a unified manner. Another aim is to parametrize all the \(\tau\)-functions of the NLS-Toda hierarchy which are homogeneous polynomials with respect to some specified degree. The hierarchy is associated with the homogeneous vertex operator representation of the affine algebra \(\mathfrak g\) of type \(A_1 ^{(1)}\). The \(\tau\)-functions are given explicitly in terms of rectangular Schur functions. Moreover, it is proved that the parametrized family of \(\tau\)-functions exhausts all the homogeneous \(\tau\)-functions of the hierarchy. By the construction, any \(\tau\)-function in the family becomes a Virasoro singular vector. This permit to give a simple proof of known results on the Fock representation of the Virasoro algebra with \(c=1\).