Universal property of the Kaplansky ideal transform and affineness of open subsets (Q1612162)

Let \(R\) be an integral domain, \(I\) an ideal of \(R\), \(\Omega_R(I)\) the Kaplansky transform of \(R\) with respect to \(I\) and \(T_R(I)\) the Nagata transform of \(R\) with respect to \(I\). A ring-homomorphism \(\alpha:R\to A\) is called an \(I\)-morphism if \(\alpha^{-1}(Q)\nsupseteq I\) for each prime ideal \(Q\) of \(A\). The authors show that if \(\omega= \omega_{R,I}:R\hookrightarrow\Omega_R(I)\) and \(\theta=\theta_{R,I} :R\hookrightarrow\theta_R(I)\) are the canonical embeddings, then the images of the embeddings coincide in \(\Omega_R (I)\): \[ (R \hookrightarrow\Omega_R(I))=(R \hookrightarrow\theta_R(I))\subseteq \Omega_R (I). \] As in the classical theory developed by Nagata and Kaplansky, they considered ideal transforms only with respect to integral domains, this paper pursues the study of the Kaplansky ideal transform. More precisely, the purpose of this work is looking for a universal property of the canonical embedding \(\omega:R\hookrightarrow\Omega_R(I)\). The main result of this paper proves that: Let \(K_R(I,A)\) denote the set of all the \(I\)-morphisms from \(R\) to \(A\). Then the following statements are equivalent: (i) \(K_R(I,-)\): Ring \(\to\) Set is a representable functor; (ii) The natural embedding \(R\to\Omega_R(I)\) is an \(I\)-morphism; (iii) \(I\Omega_R(I)=\Omega_R(I)\); (iv) \(D(I)=\{P\in \text{Spec}(R):P\nsupseteq I\}\) is an open affine subscheme of \(\text{Spec}(R)\).