Quantization of Lie bialgebras and shuffle algebras of Lie algebras (Q1612518)

Let \(K\) be a field of characteristic zero, \(L\) a Lie bialgebra over \(K\). A quantization of \(L\) is a (topological) Hopf algebra structure on \(U_h(L),h\) a power-series variable, such that the cobracket on \(L\) is retrieved by skew-symmetrizing the comultiplication on \(U_h(L)\), restricting to \(L\) and then taking the coefficient of \(h\). It was shown that such a quantization is always possible by \textit{P. Etingof} and \textit{D. Kazhdan} [Sel. Math., New Ser. 2, 1-41 (1996; Zbl 0863.17008), Sel. Math., New Ser. 4, 213-231 (1998; Zbl 0915.17009)]. Although their methods are ultimately functorial and universal, they involve the idea of a Lie associator, which is computationally unmanageable. The paper under review provides a more manageable construction of quantizations, which behaves well with respect to taking duals and doubles of Lie bialgebras. We outline the construction. A set \(B(K)\) of families of Lie polynomials is given, with an action by a group \(G\). Let \(G_0 (K)\) be the group of universal automorphisms of the adjoint representations of \(K\)-Lie bialgebras. (In a subsequent paper, the author showed that \(G_0(K)\) is the multiplicative group \(1+hK[[h]]\), [Adv. Math. 164, 1-23 (2001; Zbl 0994.17008)]). An explicit bijection is given between \(G_0(K) \times (B(K)/G)\) and the set of universal quantization functors which are compatible with taking duals and doubles. We mention some features of this process. To each element of \(B(K)/G\), one obtains a (non-commutative) deformation of the shuffle algebra on a Lie algebra. Tensor products of such deformed shuffle algebras contain elements satisfying quasitriangular identities. This leads to a construction of solutions to the quantum Yang-Baxter equation from solutions for the classical Yang-Baxter equation. This step introduces Lie polynomials, and involves vanishing results for cohomologies arising from universal algebras for solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation. Finally, applying this to Lie bialgebras, a quantization function is obtained. The author's results provide a complete description of the set of all compatible universal quantization functors. Etingof and Kazhdan's method, relying on Lie associators, did not do this. The author expects that his results may help to study how the quantization functors of Etingof and Kazhdan depend on Lie associators.