On nonconvex version of the inequality of Clarke and Ledyaev (Q1612540)

In 1994, \textit{F. H. Clarke} and \textit{Yu. S. Ledyaev} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 122, 1075--1083 (1994; Zbl 0856.49017); Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 344, 307--324 (1994; Zbl 0803.49018)] showed the following mean value inequality: Let \(C\subset X\) (where \(X\) is a Banach space) be a closed convex bounded set, \(a\in X\) be an arbitrary point and \(f: X\to\mathbb{R}\) be a smooth function. Then for each \(\varepsilon> 0\) there exists a mean value \(\xi\in \text{conv}(C\cup\{a\})\) such that \[ \min f(C)- f(a)< \min\langle f'(\xi), C-a\rangle+ \varepsilon. \] This result was extended later to nonsmooth functions. So a generalized subdifferential mapping is called to satisfy the Clarke and Ledyaev mean value inequality if \(\bullet\) for any closec convex bounded set \(C\subset X\), \(\bullet\) for any point \(a\in X\), \(\bullet\) for any l.s.c. function \(f: X\to\mathbb{R}\) bounded below, \(\bullet\) for any \(\varepsilon> 0\), \(\bullet\) for any \(r< \liminf_{\delta\downarrow 0}\,f(C+\delta B_X)- f(a)\), there exists a mean value \(\xi\in\text{conv}(C\cup \{a\})+\varepsilon B_X\) and a generalized subgradient \(p\in \partial f(\xi)\) such that \[ r< \inf p(C- a),\qquad f(\xi)- f(a)< {r+| r|\over 2}+ \varepsilon. \] It is shown that the Clarke subdifferential mapping satisfies this Clarke and Ledyaev mean value inequality. In the present paper, the results are extended to a certain class of nonconvex sets. Using a generalized subdifferential mapping which satisfies the Clarke and Ledyaev mean value inequality, it is proved that the last both inequalities hold in a more general sense also for closed bounded sets \(C\subset X\) which seems convex from the point \(a\not\in \text{conv\,}C\), i.e., for such sets \(C\subset X\) for which any sequence \(\{y_n\}\subset X\) with \(y_0= a\), \(y_{n+1}- y_n\in \text{cone}(C\cup \{a\})\) and \([y_n, y_{n+1}]\cap C= \emptyset\) is bounded.