Deviation of ergodic averages for area-preserving flows on surfaces of higher genus (Q1613286)

This paper is quite long and it is very difficult to summarize all of this. But main purpose of this paper is to prove Theorem~{0.1} below. Let \(M\) be a compact orientable surface of genus \(g\geq2\). Let \((\Sigma, i)\) be a divisor on \(M\), \(\Sigma=\{p_1,\ldots,p_\sigma\}\subset M\), \(i=(i_1,\ldots,i_\sigma)\in Z^\sigma\), \(i_k<0\) and \(\sum_ki_k=2-2g\), \({\mathcal F}^i(M,\Sigma)\) be the space of orientable measured foliations, \({\mathcal E}^i_\omega(M,\Sigma)\) be the space of all smooth \(\omega\)-preserving vector fields on \(M\backslash\Sigma\) such that \(\eta_X=i_X\omega\) is smooth on \(M\) and the orbit foliation \({\mathcal F}_X=\{\eta_X=0\}\in{\mathcal F}^i(M,\Sigma)\). Theorem 0.1. For almost all \(X\in{\mathcal D}^i_\omega(M,\Sigma)\), the flow \(\Phi^\tau_X\) has a deviation spectrum in the following sense. There exists a finite set of exponents \[ \lambda_1'(X)=1> \lambda_2'(X)>\cdots> \lambda_s'(X)>0 \] and splitting of the space \({\mathcal T}^1_X(M)\) of \(X\)-invariant distributions of order 1 \[ {\mathcal T}^1_X(M)={\mathcal T}^1_X(\lambda_1')\oplus\cdots\oplus {\mathcal T}^1_X(\lambda_s') \] such that the following holds. Let \(f\in H^1_0(M\backslash\Sigma)\) be a weakly differentiable function with \(L^2\) partial derivatives, supported in \(M\backslash\Sigma\), such that \[ D^X(f)=0,\quad\text{for all }\quad D_X\in{\mathcal T}^1_X(\lambda_1')\oplus\cdots \oplus{\mathcal T}^1_X(\lambda_i'). \] If \(i<s\), then for all \(p\in M\) with regular forward trajectory, \[ \limsup_{T\to+\infty} {\log\int_0^{\mathcal T}f(\Phi_X(p,\tau)\,d\tau\over\log{\mathcal T}} \leq\lambda_{i+1}'(X) \] and there exists \(D^X_{i+1}\in{\mathcal T}_X(\lambda_{i+1}')\backslash\{0\}\) such that, if \(D_{i+1}^X(f)\neq0\), then equality holds for almost all \(p\in M\). If \(i=s\), then for all \(p\in M\) with regular forward trajectory, \[ \limsup_{T\to+\infty} {\log\int_0^{\mathcal T}f(\Phi_X(p,\tau)\,d\tau\over\log{\mathcal T}}=0. \] The multiplicities \(m_i(X)=\dim{\mathcal T}_X(\lambda_i')\) satisfy the conditions \(\sum_im_i(X)=g\) and \(m_1(X)=1\), since \({\mathcal T}_X(\lambda_1')=R\cdot\omega\). The deviation spectrum with multiplicities \(\{(\lambda_i'(X),m_i(X))\}\) is locally constant on \({\mathcal E}^i_\omega(M,\Sigma)\).