Almost split sequences for comodules (Q1614623)

Let \(\Gamma\) be a coalgebra over a field \(k\). A transpose functor Tr is introduced from the category of right quasi-finitely copresented \(\Gamma\)-comodules to left quasi-finitely copresented \(\Gamma\)-comodules. In the case where \(M\) is indecomposable and not injective and \(\text{Tr}(M)\) is finite-dimensional, an almost split sequence \(0\to M\to E\to\text{D}(\text{Tr}(M))\to 0\) of right \(\Gamma\)-comodules is exhibited for some \(E\), where \(\text{D}(X)\) is the linear dual of \(X\). This is a slight adaptation of a result of \textit{M. Auslander, I. Reiten, S. O. Smalø} [Representation theory of Artin algebras, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics 36, Cambridge Univ. Press (1995; Zbl 0834.16001)] concerning almost split sequences over an Artin algebra. Some applications of this sequence are given, that is, certain situations are given where almost split sequences exist. It is shown that if \(\Gamma\) is right semiperfect and the socle of \(I(S)/S\) is finite-dimensional, where \(I(S)\) is the projective envelope of the simple right comodule \(S\), then almost split sequences exist in the category of finite-dimensional right comodules. Thus if \(G\) is a virtually reductive affine group scheme, then the category of finite-dimensional \(k[G]\) modules has almost split sequences, where \(k[G]\) is the coordinate algebra for \(G\). If \(G\) is a semisimple algebraic group over a field \(k\) of characteristic zero, let \(k_A[G]\) be its quantized coordinate algebra, where \(A\) is a primitive \(p\)-th power root of unity in \(k\). Then almost split exact sequences for finite-dimensional \(k_A[G]\) modules exist. More examples are given through a combinatorial characterization of the quivers whose path coalgebra satisfies certain conditions.