Compressed resolvents, \(Q\)-functions and \(h_0\)-resolvents in almost Pontryagin spaces (Q1626080)

The Krein (resp., Krein-Naimark) formula establishes a bijective correspondence between the class of Nevanlinna functions (or families) and the compressed resolvents (also called generalized resolvents) of self-adjoint extensions of a densely defined closed symmetric operator with equal defect indices in a Hilbert space, cf.\ [\textit{M. Krein}, C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS, n. Ser. 43, 323--326 (1944; Zbl 0063.03349)] and [\textit{M. A. Naĭmark}, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 7, 285--296 (1943; Zbl 0061.26005)]. \par Various generalizations of the Krein-Naimark formula have been proved in the last decades: the Hilbert space setting was replaced by Pontryagin spaces or Krein spaces and symmetric operators were replaced by symmetric relations, which are multi-valued operators. In the general situation of Krein spaces, one obtains a correspondence between locally holomorphic relation-valued functions and self-adjoint extensions with a non-empty resolvent set. \par In the present paper, the prerequisites for a Krein formula in almost Pontryagin spaces for symmetric relations are presented and investigated: I.\ compressed resolvents and minimality, II.\ $Q$-functions and their index of negativity together with a reproducing kernel almost Pontryagin space model for generalized Nevanlinna functions, III.\ $h_0$ resolvents in almost Pontryagin spaces, which are in some sense dual to $Q$-functions. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1388.46001].