On the 2-adic valuation of the cardinality of elliptic curves over finite extensions of \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\) (Q1626636)

The paper studies, for an elliptic curve \(E\)\, defined over a finite field \(\mathbb{F}_q;\, q=p^m\), the increment of the 2-adic valuation of \(\sharp(E(\mathbb{F}_{q^k}))\) with regard to the 2-adic valuation of \(\sharp(E(\mathbb{F}_q))\). More generally, the paper studies the relationship between the 2-Sylow subgroups \(E[2^{\infty}](\mathbb{F}_q)\approx \mathbb{Z}/2^r\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}/2^s\mathbb{Z}\)\, and \(E[2^{\infty}](\mathbb{F}_{q^k})\approx \mathbb{Z}/2^{r+\alpha}\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}/2^{s+\beta}\mathbb{Z}\). \par In a previous paper [Arch. Math. 105, 261--269 (2015; Zbl 1408.11064)], the authors treated the same problem for \(l\)-adic valuations, \(l\ne 2\).\par Section 2 deals with the case \(2|\sharp E(\mathbb{F}_q)\). First, the authors prove that the problem can be reduced to \(k=2\)\, and divide this last problem in two.\par Subsection 2.1 treats the case of characteristic \(p=2\). In this case \(E\)\ can be assumed ordinary and then \(E[2^{\infty}](\mathbb{F}_{q^k})\)\, is always cyclic. Proposition 1 gives this group for \(k=2\).\par Subsection 2.2 considers the case \(p\ne 2\). Proposition 3 gives the exact value of \(v_2(\sharp E(\mathbb{F}_{q^k}))\)\, or, in a particular case, a lower bound. Then the paper studies the variation in the structure of the 2-Sylow \(E[2^{\infty}](\mathbb{F}_{q^k})\)\, with regard to \(E[2^{\infty}](\mathbb{F}_q)\).\par In the case of ordinary elliptic curves some tools of the volcanoes of 2-isogenies, see [\textit{J. Miret} et al., Appl. Math. Comput. 176, No. 2, 739--750 (2006; Zbl 1090.14018)] are used. Propositions 4 and 5 shows the possible values of the exponents \((r,s)\)\, and \((r+\alpha, s+\beta)\). For supersingular curves Proposition 6 gives a similar result, according to the possible values of the trace of the Frobenius endomorphism.\par Section 3 studies the case \(2\nmid \sharp(E(\mathbb{F}_q))\). Now it is enough to suppose \(p\ne 2\)\, and \(k=3\). Propositions 7 and 8 give the structure of \(E[2^{\infty}](\mathbb{F}_{q^3})\)\, for \(E\)\, ordinary and \(E\)\, supersingular respectively.