Construction of function spaces close to \(L^\infty \) with associate space close to \(L^1\) (Q1634832)

Let \((X,\mathcal{X},\mu_X)\) be a \(\sigma\)-finite measure space, and if \(\Omega\subseteq X\) and the real-valued measurable function \(p\) is such that \(1\le p(x)<\infty\), \(x\in\Omega\), let the variable exponent function space \(L^{p(.)}(\Omega)\) be defined by \(L^{p(.)}(\Omega)= \{f:\Vert f\Vert_{p(.)}<\infty\}\), where \[\Vert f\Vert_{p(.)}= \text{inf}\left\{\lambda>0: \int_\Omega(|f(\xi)|/\lambda)^{p(\xi)}\,d\mu_X(\xi)\le 1\right\}.\] The distribution function dist\(_f\) and nonincreasing rearrangement \(f^*\) are defined by \(\text{dist}_f(a)= \mu_X(\{x\in\Omega: |f(x)|> a\})\), \(f^*(s)= \text{inf}\{a> 0: \text{dist}_f(a)\le s\}\). A norm \(|||.|||_S\) on a space \(S\) is said to be rearrangement invariant if \(g^*= f^*\) implies that \(|||g|||_S=|||f|||_S\). The results of this paper involve the variable exponent versions of spaces \(L^\infty(I)\), \(I=[0,1]\) or $I=\mathbb{T}$, the unit circle, which have the space of continuous functions \(C(I)\) as closed subspace. If \(f\in L^1(\mathbb{T})\), then the Fourier series partial sum \(S_n(f)\) is defined by \(S_n(f)(x)= \sum^n_{k=-n} \widehat{f}_k e^{ikx}\), where \(\widehat {f}_k= (1/2\pi) \int_{\mathbb{T}}f(t) e^{-ikt}\,dt\). One of the main theorems of the paper defines a variable exponent space, where \(1<p(x)<\infty\) almost everywhere such that the space of continuous functions \(C(\mathbb{T})\) is a closed subspace of \(L^{p(.)}(\mathbb{T})\). In addition, the Kolmogorov and Marcinkiewicz functions with divergent Fourier series are in \(L^{q(.)}(\mathbb{T})\), where $1/p(x)+1/q(x)=1$.