Group gradings on the superalgebras \(M(m,n)\), \(A(m,n)\) and \(P(n)\) (Q1634851)

Let \(U = U^0 \oplus U^1\) be a superspace. The algebra of endomorphisms of \(U\) has an induced \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-grading, so it can be regarded as a superalgebra. It is convenient to write it in matrix form: \[ \hbox{End}(U)=\begin{pmatrix}\hbox{End}(U^0) & \hbox{Hom}(U^0,U^1)\cr \hbox{Hom}(U^1,U^0) & \hbox{End}(U^1)\end{pmatrix}. \] This algebra can be \(\mathbb{Z}\)-graded with three components, so that its \(0\)-component is \(\hbox{End}(U^0)\oplus \hbox{End}(U^1)\), its \(1\)-component is \(\hbox{Hom}(U^0,U_1)\) and its \(-1\)-component: \(\hbox{Hom}(U^1,U^0)\). Fixing basis in the spaces so that \(U^0=\mathbb{F}^m\) and \(U^1=\mathbb{F}^n\), we get the so called associative superalgebra \(M(m,n)\) and the previous short \(\mathbb{Z}\)-grading is the so called canonical \(\mathbb{Z}\)-grading of \(M(m,n)\). Another character we need to mention is the simple Lie superalgebra \(A(m,n)\) algebra. This is \(\mathrm{sl}(m+1|n+1)\) if \(m\ne n\) and \(\mathrm{psl}(n+1|n+1)\) if \(m=n\). Finally consider a vector space \(V\) ans its dual \(V^*\). Then \[ \hbox{End}(V\oplus V^*)=\begin{pmatrix}\hbox{End}(V) & \hbox{Hom}(V,V^*)\cr \hbox{Hom}(V^*,V) & \hbox{End}(V^*)\end{pmatrix} \] and we can define the subspace of \(\hbox{End}(V\oplus V^*)\) given by \[ P(U)=\{\begin{pmatrix} a & b\cr c & -a^*\end{pmatrix} \vert\ \hbox{tr}\ a=0, b=b^*,\ c=-c^*\}. \] Finally we can define \(P(n)\) as the subalgebra of \(M(n+1,n+1)^{(-)}\) given by \[ P(n)=\{\begin{pmatrix} b\cr c & -a^T\end{pmatrix} \vert\ \hbox{tr}\ a=0, b=b^T,\ c=-c^T\}. \] This work classifies gradings by arbitrary abelian groups on the classical simple Lie superalgebras \(P(n)\), \(n\ge 2\), and on the simple associative superalgebras \(M(m, n)\), \(m, n\ge 1\), over an algebraically closed field: fine gradings up to equivalence and \(G\)-gradings, for a fixed group \(G\), up to isomorphism. As a corollary, they are also classified up to isomorphism the \(G\)-gradings on the classical Lie superalgebra \(A(m, n)\) that are induced from \(G\)-gradings on \(M(m + 1, n + 1)\). In the case of Lie superalgebras, the characteristic is assumed to be \(0\). It turns out that the algebras \(M(m,n)\) have two kinds of gradings: the even gradings which are compatible with the canonical \(\mathbb{Z}\)-grading and the odd gradings which are not. (The latter can occur only if \(m = n\).) The classification results for even gradings are Theorems 4.5 (gradings up to isomorphism) and 4.21 (fine gradings up to equivalence). They classify odd gradings in Theorems 4.6 and 4.19 (gradings up to isomorphism) and in Theorem 4.25 (fine gradings up to equivalence). In Section 5, gradings on the Lie superalgebras \(A(m, n)\) are studied (but only those that are induced from \(M(m + 1, n + 1)\)). In Section 6, gradings on the Lie superalgebras \(P(n)\) are also classified (\(G\)-gradings up to isomorphism and fine gradings up to equivalence).