The automorphism theorem and additive group actions on the affine plane (Q1635289)

Let \(k\) be a field, \(A\) a \(k\)-domain, \(A[T]\) the polynomial ring in one variable over \(A\), and \(\sigma :A\to A[T]\) a homomorphism of \(k\)-algebras. Then \(\sigma \) defines an action of the additive group \({\mathbf G}_a =\mathbf{Spec}\;k[T]\) on \(\mathbf{Spec} A\) Due to \textit{R. Rentschler} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. A 267, 384--387 (1968; Zbl 0165.05402)], \textit{M. Miyanishi} [Nagoya Math. J. 41, 97--100 (1971; Zbl 0191.19201)] and \textit{H. Kojima} [Colloq. Math. 137, No. 2, 215--220 (2014; Zbl 1315.14079)], the invariant ring for a \({\mathbf G}_a\)-action on the affine plane over an arbitrary field is generated by one coordinate. This nice paper provide a new short and very elegant proof for this result using the automorphism theorem of \textit{H. W. E. Jung} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 184, 161--174 (1942; Zbl 0027.08503)] and \textit{W. van der Kulk} [Nieuw Arch. Wiskd., III. Ser. 1, 33--41 (1953; Zbl 0050.26002)].