Poincaré series of compressed local Artinian rings with odd top socle degree (Q1645007)

In the 1950's, Kaplansky and Serre asked if the Poincaré series of a local ring is always a rational function. \textit{D. J. Anick} [Ann. Math. (2) 115, 1--33 (1982; Zbl 0454.55004)] showed that the answer is no. The consideration of rational and transcendental Poincaré series has only intensified since the appearance of Anick's example. \par Let $(R, \mathfrak{m}, k)$ be a local Artinian ring of embedding dimension $e$, top socle degree $s$, and socle polynomial $\sum_{i=0}^s c_iz^i$. If the Hilbert function of $R$ is given by \[ \dim_k (\mathfrak{m}^i/\mathfrak{m}^{i+1}) = \min \left( \binom{(e-1)+i}{i}, \sum_{l=i}^s c_l \binom{(e-1)+l-i}{l-i} \right), \] for $0 \leq i \leq s,$ then $R$ is called a compressed local Artinian ring. Such a ring has maximal length among all local Artinian rings with the same embedding dimension and socle polynomial. Roos calls a local ring $R$ good if the Poincaré series of all finitely generated modules over $R$ are rational, sharing a common denominator. In [Adv. Math. 259, 421--447 (2014; Zbl 1297.13016)], \textit{M. E. Rossi} and \textit{L. M. Şega} proved that if $R$ is a compressed Artinian Gorenstein local ring with top socle degree not equal to three, then $R$ is good, in the sense of Roos. Until 2014, a compressed local Artinian ring $R$ was defined only for the rings containing a field. Traditionally, compressed was only defined for equicharacteristic rings. In 2014, Rossi and Sega proved that the definition of compressed local Artinian Gorenstein ring works just as well in the non-equicharacteristic case. \par In the paper under review, the authors prove that the phrase ``compressed local Artinian ring'' is meaningful whether or not the ring contains a field and whether or not the ring is Gorenstein. The authors show that if $R$ is a compressed local Artinian ring with odd top socle degree $s$ at least five, and $\text{socle}(R) \cap \mathfrak{m}^{s-1}=\mathfrak{m}^s$, then the Poincaré series are rational, sharing a common denominator. Moreover, they prove that there is a surjective Golod homomorphism from a complete intersection onto $R$.