Hardy spaces for semigroups with Gaussian bounds (Q1647881)

Let \(X\) be a space of homogeneous type with the Borel measure \(\mu\). Assume that \(L\) is a self-adjoint linear operator on \(L^2(X)\) and \(\{e^{-tL}\}_{t>0}\) denotes the heat semigroup generated by \(L\). The Hardy space \(H^1(L)\) associated with \(L\) is defined by \[ H^1(L):=\left\{f\in L^1(X):\;\|f\|_{H^1(L)}:=\left\|\sup_{t>0}|e^{-tL}(f)|\right\|_{L^1(X)}<\infty\right\}. \] Assume further that the semigroup \(\{e^{-tL}\}_{t>0}\) satisfies the upper and lower Gaussian estimates. Then an atomic characterization of the Hardy space \(H^1(L)\) is established in this paper.