Algebraic and o-minimal flows on complex and real tori (Q1649343)

Let \(A\) be a complex abelian varitey of dimension \(n\), and let \(\pi:\mathbb{C}^n\to A\) be its covering map. It follows from the work of \textit{J. Ax} [Am. J. Math. 94, 1205--1213 (1972; Zbl 0266.14018)] that given an algebraic variety \(X\) in \(\mathbb{C}^n\) the Zariski closure of \(\pi(X)\) is a union of finitely many cosets of abelian subavrieties of \(A\). In [J. Reine Angew. Math. 741, 47--66 (2018; Zbl 1408.14140); Q. J. Math. 68, No. 2, 359--367 (2017; Zbl 1386.14165)] \textit{E. Ullmo} and \textit{A. Yafaev} considered the topological closure of \(\pi(X)\) in the above setting and also in the case that \(X\) is a set definable in an o-minimal expansion of the real field and showed in this case a result similar to the one of Ax in the case that \(X\) is an algebraic curve. In the article under review the authors give a full description of the topological closure \(\mathrm{cl}(\pi(X))\) when \(X\) is an algebraic subvariety of \(\mathbb{C}^n\) of arbitrary dimension and \(A\) is more general a compact complex torus and also when \(X\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) is definable in an o-minimal structure over the reals and \(\pi:\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{T}\) is the covering map of a compact real torus. Here are the main results: Theorem. Let \(\pi:\mathbb{C}^n\to \mathbb{T}\) be the covering map of a compact complex torus and let \(X\) be an algebraic subvariety of \(\mathbb{C}^n\). Then there are finitely many algebraic subvarieties \(C_1,\ldots,C_m\subset \mathbb{C}^n\) and finitely many real subtori (i.e. real Lie subgroups) \(\mathbb{T}_1,\ldots,\mathbb{T}_m\subset \mathbb{T}\) of positive dimension such that \[\mathrm{cl}(\pi(X))=\pi(X)\cup\bigcup_{i=1}^m(\pi(C_i)+\mathbb{T}_i).\] In addition, (i) For every \(i=1,\ldots,m,\) we have \(\dim_\mathbb{C}C_i<\dim_\mathbb{C}X\). (ii) If \(\mathbb{T}_i\) is maximal with respect to inclusion among the subtori then \(C_i\) is finite. Theorem. Let \(\pi:\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{T}\) be the covering map of a compact real torus and let \(X\) be a closed set definable in an o-minimal expansion of the real field. Then there are finitely many definable closed sets \(C_1,\ldots,C_m\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) and finitely many real subtori \(\mathbb{T}_1,\ldots,\mathbb{T}_m\subset \mathbb{T}\) of positive dimension such that \[\mathrm{cl}(\pi(X))=\pi(X)\cup\bigcup_{i=1}^m(\pi(C_i)+\mathbb{T}_i).\] In addition, (i) For every \(i=1,\ldots,m,\) we have \(\dim_\mathbb{R}C_i<\dim_\mathbb{R}X\) (where \(\dim_\mathbb{R}\) is the o-minimal dimension). (ii) If \(\mathbb{T}_i\) is maximal with respect to inclusion among \(\mathbb{T}_1,\ldots,\mathbb{T}_m\) then \(C_i\) is bounded in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and in particular \(\pi(C_i)\) is closed. It is also shown that the conjectured generalization of the above result by Ullmo and Yafaev to the case of an arbitrary dimension needs modifications and stronger assumptions.