Non-formally integrable centers admitting an algebraic inverse integrating factor (Q1660986)

It is well-known that for nilpotent or degenerate singular points, in order to determine whether the singular point is a center, the existence of an analytic first integral is a sufficient condition, but not a necessary one. The existence of an integrating factor or an inverse integrating factor provides information about the center and integrability problems. If the system \(\dot{x}=P(x,y)\), \(\dot{y}=Q(x,y)\) with \(P\) and \(Q\) analytic functions possesses a formal inverse integrating factor \(V\) then it is formally integrable on \(\mathbb{C} \setminus \{V=0 \}\). For nilpotent or degenerate singular points there are partial results that show that generically there is a non-formal inverse integrating factor in a neighborhood of the singular point. In the present paper the authors study the existence of an algebraic inverse integrating factor (AIIF) of a nilpotent or degenerate singular point. The class of systems studied in this work includes, among others, some non-formally integrable systems which have such inverse integrating factors. Once the existence of an inverse integrating factor is established, the authors also study the systems having a center. The main results are presented in Section 3. In Theorem 3.1, it is given a reduced normal form for the considered class of differential systems. In Theorem 3.2, it is characterized, by means of normal form theory, when a system of this class admits an AIIF. Moreover, if the vector field has an AIIF, it is given the expression of the inverse integrating factor (formal or algebraic) and it is solved the formal integrability problem for such systems. In Theorem 3.3, it is established when the origin of such systems is a monodromic point. Finally, in Theorem 3.4, it is determined assuming the existence of an AIIF and the monodromy of the origin, when the origin is either a center or a focus. The results are applied to several families of differential systems.