A note on a system with radiation boundary conditions with non-symmetric linearisation (Q1662398)

In this paper, the authors provide conditions for the existence of at least two solutions for a boundary value problem of the form \[u''(x)=g_0(u(x))+p(t), \quad u'(0)=a_0 u(0), \quad u'(1)=a_1 u(1),\] where $a_0,a_1 \in \mathbb{R}$, $p\in C([0,1], \mathbb{R}^n)$, $g_0 \in C^1( \mathbb{R}^n, \mathbb{R}^n)$ with $g_0(0)=0$. It is considered the operator $K: C([0,1], \mathbb{R}^n) \to C([0,1], \mathbb{R}^n)$ defined by $Kv:=u$, where $u$ denotes the unique solution of the linear problem \[\begin{gathered}u''+(\lambda_1-\eta)u=g_0(v(x)+(\lambda_1-\eta)v(x), \\ u'(0)=a_0 u(0), \quad u'(1)=a_1 u(1), \end{gathered}\] where $\lambda_1$ is the first eigenvalue of the operator $u \to -u''$ and $\eta >0$ is s.t. $\lambda_1 \|\phi\|^2_2 \leq -\int_0^1\phi''(x) \phi(x) dx$, for any smooth function $\phi$ satisfying the boundary conditions. The proof is performed by showing that the Leray-Schauder degree of $\operatorname{Id}-K$ is non zero. For this aim, it is assumed that $\lim_{|u| \to +\infty} \langle g_0(u),u \rangle/|u|^2> -\lambda_1$ and that $\prod_{j=1}^{\infty}\operatorname{sgn}(\operatorname{det}(Dg_0(0)+\lambda_j \operatorname{Id}))<0$, where $D g_0(0)$ is the Jacobian matrix of $g_0$.