Orbifolds and exact solutions of strongly-coupled matrix models (Q1663683)

Exact calculation of the partition function \[ Z=\frac{1}{\mathrm{Vol} G}\int\mathrm{DX}e^{-S[\mathrm{X}]}, \] of a matrix model with single-trace potential \[ S[\mathrm{X}]=\mathrm{Tr}(\mathrm{X}^r), \] is done, which shows this model is integrable (\S3. Theorem 1). Here \(G\) is a symmetry group of the action whose singlet sector defines the set of observables. DX is some measure, for Hermitian one-matrix model, it is given by \[ DX=\prod_{i=1}^N dX_{ii}\prod_{i<j}^NdX_{ij}dX^\ast_{ij}. \] Z depends on contour. To fix the contour, denote the contour from 0 to \(\omega_r^j\infty\), \(\omega_r=e^{2\pi i/r}\) and set \(C_{r,a}=\sum_{j=0}^{r-1}\omega_r^{-ja}B_{r,j}\). The pure-phase eigenvalue model \[ Z_N^{(r,a)}=|\frac{1}{N!}\int_{C_{r,a}\prod\i\frac{dx_i}{2\pi}e^[-x_i^r}\prod_{i>j}(x_i-x_j)^2, \] is computed to be \[ Z_N^{r,a}=\frac{\delta_{r,a}(N)}{(2\pi)^N}\prod_{i=0}^{N-1}\Gamma\bigl(\bigl[\frac{i}{r}\bigr]+1\bigr)\Gamma\bigl(\bigl[\frac{i-a}{r}\bigr]+\frac{a}{r}+1\bigr), \] where \(\delta_{r,a}=0,\pm 1\) (details is given as (3.21). Theorem 1). The computation is done replacing \((x^m)'s\) by modified Laguerre polynomials and use their orthogonal properties. By the same way, but using divisibility and quotient conditions of \(p\)-quotients (described in Appendix, cf. Macdonald, I.G.: Symmetric Functions and Hall Polynomials, Oxford, 1999), the average of Schur polynomial \(s_\lambda(x)=\mathrm{det} x_i^{N+\lambda_j-j}/\mathrm{det} x_i^{N-j}\) is computed (\S3. Theorem 2). In \S4, these results extended to models on orbifold, where a single trace potential \(W(\mathrm{X})\) is replaced by one with a single trace potential \(W(\mathrm{X}^r)\). Precisely, consider a one-particle model (parent model) \[ Z_{n,u}=\frac{1}{n!}\int_{C^n}\prod_{i=1}^n\frac{dx_i}{2\pi}x_i^u\prod_{i<j}(x_i-x_j)^2e^{-\mathrm{Tr}W(\mathrm{X})}, \] the (pure phase) \(r\)-fold matrix model is defined as \[ Z_{N,U}^{(r,a)}=\frac{1}{N!}\int_{C^N_{r,a}}\prod_{i=1}^N\frac{dx_i}{2\pi}(x_i)^{U/r}\prod_{i<j}(x_i-x_j)^2e^{-\mathrm{Tr}W(\mathrm{X}^r)}, \] (Def. 1). Then replacing \(x\)by \(x^r\) of orthogonal polynomials used in the computation of \(Z_{n,u}\) (cf.(4.4)), \[ Z_{n,U}^{(r,a)}=\delta_{r,a}(N)\prod_{\mu=0}^{r-1}Z_{n_\mu,u_\mu} \] is derived (Theorem 3. \(n_\mu\) and \(u_\mu\) are descibed in (4.9)). Next, to relate the above calculation of the partition functions and Selberg integrals, the logarithmic model, having \(S_{u,v}[\mathrm{X}]=-u\mathrm{Tr}\mathrm{ln}(\mathrm{X}^r)-v\mathrm{Tr}\mathrm{lin}(1-\mathrm{X}^r)\) is studied (cf. [\textit{V. S. Dotsenko} and \textit{V. A. Fateev}, ``Conformal algebra and multipoint correlation functions in two dimensional statistical model'', Nucl. Phys., B 240, No. 3, 312--348 (1984; \url{doi:10.1016/0550-3213(84)90269-4})]). This section is concluded to study \(q\)-analog of these models.with special attention to the relation with \(q\)-analog of Selberg integrals [\textit{K. W. J. Kadell}, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 19, No. 4, 944--968 (1988; Zbl 0643.33003); Adv. Math. 130, No. 1, 33--102 (1997; Zbl 0885.33009)]. In \S5, the last section, various generalizations and applications of the results of this paper are discussed including a conjecture of explicit form two Schur correlator; an average of a product two Schur polynomials (Conj. 1. (5.3)).