Torsion subgroups of elliptic curves over quadratic cyclotomic fields in elementary abelian 2-extensions (Q1668856)

This paper analyzes the torsion subgroups of an elliptic curve in the maximal elementary abelian \(2\)-extensions of the quadratic field \({\mathbb{Q}}(\sqrt{d})\) where \(d=-1\) or \(-3\). (These quadratic fields are referred to the quadratic cyclotomic fields in the paper.) The main results are formulated in the following theorem. Theorem: Let \(K\) be a quadratic cyclotomic field and let \(F:=K(\{\sqrt{d}; d\in{\mathcal{O}}_K\})\) be the maximal elementary abelian \(2\)-extensions of \(K\), where \({\mathcal{O}}_K\) denotes the ring of integers of \(K\). Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve over \(K\). 1. If \(K={\mathbb{Q}}(i)\), then \(E(F)_{\mbox{tors}}\) is isomorphic to one of the following groups: \[ {\mathbb{Z}}/2{\mathbb{Z}}\oplus {\mathbb{Z}}/2N{\mathbb{Z}}\quad (N=2,3,4,5,6,8) \] \[ {\mathbb{Z}}/4{\mathbb{Z}}\oplus {\mathbb{Z}}/4N{\mathbb{Z}}\quad (N=2,3,4) \] \[ {\mathbb{Z}}/N{\mathbb{Z}}\oplus {\mathbb{Z}}/N{\mathbb{Z}}\quad (N=2,3,4,6,8) \] or \[ \{1\},\,{\mathbb{Z}}/3{\mathbb{Z}},\,{\mathbb{Z}}/5{\mathbb{Z}},\, {\mathbb{Z}}/7{\mathbb{Z}},\, {\mathbb{Z}}/9{\mathbb{Z}},\, {\mathbb{Z}}/15{\mathbb{Z}}. \] 2. If \(K={\mathbb{Q}}(\sqrt{-3})\), then \(E(F)\) is either isomorphic to one of the groups listed in 1, or \({\mathbb{Z}}/2{\mathbb{Z}}\oplus {\mathbb{Z}}/32{\mathbb{Z}}.\) The proof relies on studying the points on the modular curve \(X_0(n)\) for various values of \(n\). The first step is to describe all the groups of odd order that can be realized as a subgroup of \(E(F)\). Then, analyzing the growth of reach non-cyclic torsion subgroup over the base field, some subgroups are eliminated to reach the final list in the theorem.