Noncoercive perturbed densely defined operators and application to parabolic problems (Q1668948)

Summary: Let \(X\) be a real locally uniformly convex reflexive separable Banach space with locally uniformly convex dual space \(X^\ast\). Let \(T: X\supseteq D(T)\to 2^{X^\ast}\) be maximal monotone and \(S: X\supseteq D(X)\to X^\ast\) quasibounded generalized pseudomonotone such that there exists a real reflexive separable Banach space \(W\subset D(S)\), dense and continuously embedded in \(X\). Assume, further, that there exists \(d\geq 0\) such that \(\langle v^\ast+Sx,x\rangle\geq -d\|x\|^2\) for all \(x\in D(T)\cap D(S)\) and \(v^\ast\in Tx\). New surjectivity results are given for noncoercive, not everywhere defined, and possibly unbounded operators of the type \(T+S\). A partial positive answer to Nirenberg's problem on surjectivity of expansive mappings is provided. Leray-Schauder degree is applied employing the method of elliptic superregularization. A new characterization of linear maximal monotone operators \(L: X\supseteq D(L)\to X^\ast\) is given as a result of the surjectivity of \(L+S\), where \(S\) is of type \((M)\) with respect to \(L\). These results improve the corresponding theory for noncoercive and not everywhere defined operators of pseudomonotone type. In the last section, an example is provided addressing existence of a weak solution in \(X=L^p(0,T;W^{1,p}_0(\Omega))\) of a nonlinear parabolic problem of the type \(u_t-\sum^n_{i=1}(\partial/\partial x_i)a_i(x,t,u,\nabla u)=f(x,t)\), \((x,t)\in Q\); \(u(x,t)=0\), \((x,t)\in\partial\Omega\times(0,T)\); \(u(x,0)=0\), \(x\in\Omega\), where \(p>1\), \(\Omega\) is a nonempty, bounded, and open subset of \(\mathbb R^N\), \(a_i:\Omega\times(0,T)\times \mathbb R\times\mathbb R^N\to\mathbb R\) (\(i=1,2,\dots,n\)) satisfies certain growth conditions, \(f\in L^{p'}(Q)\), \(Q=\Omega\times(0,T)\), and \(p'\) is the conjugate exponent of \(p\).