On abstract and almost-abstract density topologies (Q1669650)

Let \(\langle X,\mathcal{S},\mathcal{T}\rangle\) be a measurable space, i.e., \(X\) is a non-empty set, \(\mathcal{S}\) is a \(\sigma\)-algebra in \(2^X\) and \(\mathcal{T}\) is a proper \(\sigma\)-ideal of \(\mathcal{S}\). A map \(\Phi:\mathcal{S}\rightarrow 2^X\) is called a semi-lower density operator on \(\langle X,\mathcal{S},\mathcal{T}\rangle\) if \(\Phi(\emptyset)=\emptyset\), \(\Phi(X)=X\), \(\Phi(A\cap B)=\Phi(A)\cap\Phi(B)\) and \(A \bigtriangleup B\in\mathcal{T}\) implies \(\Phi(A)=\Phi(B)\) for any \(A,B\in\mathcal{S}\). If \(\Phi\) satisfies moreover \(\Phi(A)\setminus A\in\mathcal{T}\) (or \(\Phi(A)\bigtriangleup A\in\mathcal{T}\)) for any \(A\in\mathcal{S}\), then \(\Phi\) is called an almost-lower density operator (respectively, a lower density operator) on \(\langle X,\mathcal{S},\mathcal{T}\rangle\). If \(\Phi\) is an almost-lower density operator (or a lower density operator) and \(\mathcal{T}_\Phi:=\{A\in\mathcal{S}: A\subseteq \Phi(A)\}\) a topology on \(X\), then \(\mathcal{T}_\Phi\) is called an almost-abstract density topology (respectively, an abstract density topology) on \(\langle X,\mathcal{S},\mathcal{T}\rangle\). Let \(\tau_{\text{nat}}\) be the natural topology on \(\mathbb{R}\), \(\mathbb{K}\) the \(\sigma\)-ideal of first category sets, \(\mathcal{B}a\) the \(\sigma\)-algebra of Baire sets and \(\mathbb{L}\) the \(\sigma\)-ideal of Lebesgue null sets in \(\mathbb{R}\). It is proved that \(\tau_{\text{nat}}\ominus \mathbb{K}:=\{A\setminus B : A\in \tau_{\text{nat}}, B\in \mathbb{K}\}\) is an abstract density topology on \(\langle\mathbb{R},\mathcal{B}a,\mathbb{K}\rangle\) whereas there is no measurable space \(\langle \mathbb{R},\mathcal{S},\mathcal{T}\rangle\) such that \(\tau_{\text{nat}}\ominus \mathbb{L}\) is an abstract density topology on \(\langle \mathbb{R},\mathcal{S},\mathcal{T}\rangle\). On the other hand, \(\tau_{\text{nat}}\ominus \mathbb{L}\) is an almost-abstract density topology. It is examined whether on a measurable space \(\langle X,\mathcal{S},\mathcal{T}\rangle\) there exists the weakest abstract density topology (respectively, the weakest almost-abstract density topology). Moreover, it is studied when topologies of type \(\mathcal{T}_\Phi\) are normal or regular.