Cohomology of ideals in elliptic surface singularities (Q1670777)

In the paper under review, the author continues the study of normal surface singularities \((A,\mathfrak m)\) and \(p_g\)-ideals in \(A\) [\textit{T.\ Okuma}, Math. Z. 249, No. 1, 31--62 (2005; Zbl 1091.32010)], [\textit{T. Okuma} et al, J. Algebra 499, 450--468 (2018; Zbl 1390.14016); Manuscripta Math. 150, No. 3--4, 499--520 (2016; Zbl 1354.13011); Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 145, No. 1, 39--47 (2016; Zbl 1357.13011)]. In this review, let \((A,\mathfrak m,k)\) be a two-dimensional local ring which is a normal surface singularity, i.e., \(A\) is excellent and normal, and contains an algebraically closed field isomorphic to \( k\). The author proves his results using assumption 1.1; this assumption holds if \(k\) has characteristic \(0\). Let \(f: X\to \text{Spec}(A)\) be a resolution of singularity, \(E:=f^{-1}(\mathfrak m)\) the exceptional locus, and \(E=\bigcup E_i\) the decomposition of \(E\) into its irreducible components. The \textit{geometric genus} \(p_g(A)\) of \(A\) is defined by \(p_g(A)=\ell_A(H^1(X,\mathcal O_X))\); this does not depend on the choice of the resolution \(X\). A rational singularity is characterized by \(p_g(A)=0\) [\textit{M. Artin}, Am. J. Math. 88, 129--136 (1966; Zbl 0142.18602)]. A \textit{cycle} is a divisor on \(X\) supported in \(E\). For a cycle \(B>0\) let \(\chi(\mathcal O_B)\) be the Euler characteristic and set \(\chi(B):=\chi(\mathcal O_B)\). The fundamental cycle on \(\text{Supp}(B)\) is the minimal cycle \(Z_B\) such that \(\text{Supp}(Z_B)=\text{Supp}(B)\) and \(Z_BE_i\leq 0\) for for all \(E_i\) with \(E_i\leq B\) (for a divisor \(D\) on \(X\) let \(DE_i\) be the intersection number). The following conditions are equivalent: (1) \(\chi (D)\geq0\) for all cycles \(D>0\) and \(\chi(F)=0\) for some cycle \(F>0\); (2) \(\chi(Z_E)=0\). A normal surface singularity satisfying these conditions was called elliptic by \textit{P. Wagreich} [Am. J. Math. 92, 419--454 (1970; Zbl 0204.56404)]. Let \((A,\mathfrak m)\) be an elliptic singularity. Then there exits a unique cycle \(E_{\min}\) such that \(\chi(E_{\min})=0\) and \(\chi(D)>0\) for all cycles \(D\) such that \(0<D<E_{\min}\) [\textit{H. B. Laufer}, Am. J. Math. 99, No. 6, 1257--1295 (1977; Zbl 0384.32003)]. The cycle \(E_{\min}\) is called a minimally elliptic cycle. The singularity \((A,\mathfrak m)\) is said to be \textit{minimally elliptic} if the fundamental cycle is minimally elliptic on the minimal resolution. Let \(I\) be an integrally closed \(\mathfrak m\)-primary ideal in \(A\); then there exists a resolution \(X\to\text{Spec}(A)\) and a cycle \(Z>0\) on \(X\) such that \(I\mathcal O_X=\mathcal O_X(-Z)\). In this case the ideal \(I\) is denoted by \(I_Z\) and \(I\) is said to be represented on \(X\) by \(Z\); clearly \(I_Z=H^0(X,\mathcal O_X(-Z))\). The invariant \(q(I)\) is defined by \(q(I)=\ell_A(H^1(X,\mathcal O_X(-Z)))\); \(q(I)\) does not depend on the choice of the representation of the ideal \(I\) [3]. The ideal \(I\) is called a \(p_g\)-\textit{ideal} if \(q(I)=p_g(A)\), and a cycle \(Z>0\) is called a \(p_g\)-\textit{cycle} if \(\mathcal O_X(-Z)\) is generated by global sections and \(\ell_A(H^1(X,\mathcal O_X(-Z)))=p_g(A)\). \(p_g\)-ideals have many nice properties [Zbl 1354.13011]: Let \(I\), \(I'\) be integrally closed \(\mathfrak m\)-primary ideals. Then \(I\) and \(I'\) are \(p_g\)-ideals iff \(II'\) is a \(p_g\)-ideals. If \(Q\) is a minimal reduction of \(I\), then \(I^2=QI\) (These results are well-known if \(A\) is regular and \(I\), \(I'\) are integrally closed; cf. [\textit{J. Sally} and \textit{C. Huneke}, Integral closure of ideals, ring and modules. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2006; Zbl 1117.13001)]. They go back to Zariski. They holds also if \(A\) is rational [\textit{J. Lipman}, Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 36, 195--279 (1969; Zbl 0181.48903)]). The ideal \(I\) is a \(p_g\)-ideal iff the Rees algebra \(\bigoplus_{n\geq0}I^nt^n\subset A[t]\) is a Cohen-Macaulay normal domain [Zbl 1357.13011]. There is also a criterion for a cycle to be a \(p_g\)-cycle. In [Zbl 1390.14016] it is shown: For \(h\in I\) there exists \(h'\in I\) such that the integral closure of the ideal \((h,h')\) is a \(p_g\)-ideal. If \(A\) is rational, i.e. \(p_g(A)=0\), then every integrally closed \(\mathfrak m\)-primary ideal is a \(p_g\)-ideal [Zbl 0181.48903]. Conversely, this property characterizes a rational singularity because there always exist integrally closed \(\mathfrak m\)-primary ideals \(I\) with \(q(I)=0\) [3]. Let \(I\) be an \(\mathfrak m\)-primary ideal in \(A\) and \(Q\) a minimal reduction of \(I\). The \textit{normal reduction number} \(\overline r(I)\) of \(I\) is defined by \( \overline r(I)=\min\{r\in\mathbb Z_{\geq0}\mid \overline {I^{n+1}}=Q\overline {I^n}\,\, \text{for all}\,\,\, n\geq r\}\); this number is independent of the choice of the minimal reduction \(Q\). Set \(\overline r(A)=\max\{\overline r(I)\mid I\subset A \,\, \text{integrally closed}\,\, \mathfrak m\text{-primary ideal}\}\). If \(A\) is rational then from results of Lipman and [\textit{S. D. Cutkosky}, Invent. Math. 102, No. 1, 157--177 (1990; Zbl 0718.14025)] it follows that \(\overline r(A)=0\) iff \(A\) is a rational singularity. Let \(Z>0\) be a cycle on \(X\). The author calls \(\mathcal O_X(-Z)\) \textit{to have no fixed component} if \(H^0(X,\mathcal O_X(-Z))\neq H^0(X,\mathcal O_X(-Z-E_i))\) for every \(E_i\); to such a cycle the author associates a nonnegative integer \(n_0(Z)\) [\,cf.\ Remark 3.5]. Note that \(\mathcal O_X(-Z)\) has no fixed component when \(I\) is represented by \(Z\); then \(n_0(I):=n_0(Z)\) is independent of the representation \(Z\) of \(I\). In Cor.\ 3.9 it is shown that \(\overline r(I)=n_0(I)+1\). From this the author gets one of his main results, Theorem 3.3: If \(A\) is an elliptic singularity, then \(\overline r(A)=2\) . The invariant \(q\) is a function on the set of integrally closed \(\mathfrak m\)-primary ideals in \(A\). The set \(\text{Im}_A(q)\subset \mathbb Z\) is defined by \(\text{Im}_A(q)=\{q(I)\mid I\subset A\,\,\text{is an integrally closed}\,\, \mathfrak m\text{-primary ideal}\}\). One has \(\text{Im}_A(q)\subset\{0,1,\ldots,p_g(A)\}\); and one has equality if \(A\) is an elliptic singularity by Cor.\ 3.13; the converse does not hold, cf.\ Example 3.15. In the last part the author is interested in singularities for which the maximal ideal \(\mathfrak m\) is a \(p_g\)-ideal. In Def.\ 4.7 it is defined when \(A\) is a maximal elliptic singularity. Such a singularity is Gorenstein by a result of [\textit{S. S. Yau}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 257, No. 2, 269--329 (1980; Zbl 0343.32009]. In Theorem 4.10 the author proves the following result: Assume that \(A\) is not rational. Then \(A\) is Gorenstein and \(\mathfrak m\) is a \(p_g\)-ideal iff \(A\) is a maximally elliptic singularity with \(-Z_E^2=1\) where \(Z_E\) is the fundamental cycle on \(E\).