Ill-posedness of Leray solutions for the hypodissipative Navier-Stokes equations (Q1671034)

The purpose of this article is to discuss non-solvability questions for three-dimensional hypodissipative Navier-Stokes equations in \(\mathbb{T}^3\times [0,1]\) \[ \begin{cases} \partial_t v +\operatorname{div}(v \otimes v)+\nabla p +(-\Delta)^{\alpha}v=0, \\ \operatorname{div} v=0 \end{cases}, \tag{1} \] where \(\alpha\in (0,1)\) and \((-\Delta)^{\alpha}\) is the fractional Laplace operator. The system (1) is well-known in \(\mathbb{R}^3\), where the existence of smooth solutions has been proved for \(\alpha\geq\frac 54\). First, the notion of weak solution for any solenoidal vector field \(v\) is defined. Then, several similar theorems, which disprove the uniqueness of Leray's solutions for sufficiently small exponents \(\alpha\) are given. As a corollary, a theorem for weak solutions is given. Then, main iteration schemes in terms of the Fractional Navier-Stokes-Reynolds system are studied. The proofs use the Plancherel theorem, Sobolev embedding and Calderon-Zygmund estimates.