Essentially normal composition operators on \(H^{2}\) (Q1671378)

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Essentially normal composition operators on \(H^{2}\)
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    Essentially normal composition operators on \(H^{2}\) (English)
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    6 September 2018
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    For the algebra ${\mathcal{L}}({\mathcal{H}})$ of all bounded linear operators on a complex, separable, infinite-dimensional Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, an operator $A \in {\mathcal{L}}({\mathcal{H}})$ is said to be essentially normal if its self-commutator $[A,A^*]=A^*A-AA^*$ is a compact operator, and trivially essentially normal if $A$ is either normal ($[A^*,A]=0$) or compact. Normal compact operators on $H^2$ have been chracterized by several authors. \textit{P. S. Bourdon} et al. [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 280, No. 1, 30--53 (2003; Zbl 1024.47008)] characterized the class of linear-fractional self-maps of $\mathbb{D}$ that induce non-trivially essentially normal composition operators. \par For a neighborhood $V$ of some $\zeta \in \partial \mathbb{D}$ and an analytic self-map $\varphi$ on $V \cap \mathbb{D}$ satisfying $\varphi(V \cap \mathbb{D}) \subset \mathbb{D}$, $\varphi$ has contact of order $c > 0$ with $\partial \mathbb{D}$ at $\zeta$ if i) $\varphi(\eta)=\lim\limits_{z \rightarrow \zeta, z \in V \cap \mathbb{D}}\varphi(z)$ exists and $\varphi(\zeta) \in \partial \mathbb{D}$ and ii) $\frac{1-|\varphi(e^{i\theta})|^2}{|\varphi(\zeta)-\varphi(e^{i\theta})|^c}$ is essentially bounded above and away from zero as $e^{i\theta} \rightarrow \zeta$. The notion of order of contact is analogously defined for the half-space. \par For an analytic self-map $\varphi$ of $\mathbb{D}$, $\alpha \in \partial{\mathbb{D}}$, there exists finite positive Borel measures $\mu_{\alpha}$ on $\partial{D}$ such that \[ \frac{1-|\varphi(z)|^2}{|\alpha-\varphi(z)|^2}=\mathrm{Re} \left(\frac{\alpha+\varphi(z)}{\alpha-\varphi(z)}\right)=\int\limits_{\partial{\mathbb{D}}}P_z(e^{it})d\mu_{\alpha}(t) \] for $z \in \mathbb{D}$, where $P_z(e^{it})=\frac{1-|z|^2}{|e^{it}-z|}$ is the Poisson kernel at $z$. The measures $\mu_{\alpha}$ are called Clark measures of $\varphi$. Define the sets $F(\varphi)=\{\zeta : \varphi \ \ \text{ has finite angular derivative at} \ \ \zeta \}$ and $E(\varphi) = \overline{\bigcup_{|\alpha|=1} \mathrm{spt}(\mu_{\alpha}^s)}$ where $\mathrm{spt}(\mu)$ denotes the closed support of $\mu$ and $\mu_{\alpha}^s$ is the singular part of the measure $\mu_{\alpha}$ carried by $\varphi^{-1}({\alpha})$. \par Define the class $S$, as introduced by \textit{T. Kriete} and \textit{J. Moorhouse} in [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 359, No. 6, 2915--2944 (2007; Zbl 1115.47023)], to be the set of analytic self-maps $\varphi$ of $\mathbb{D}$ satisfying the following conditions: i) $|\varphi(e^{i\theta})| < 1$ a.e on $\partial{\mathbb{D}}$, ii) $E(\varphi)$ is a finite set, so that $E(\varphi)=F(\varphi)$, and iii) For each point $\zeta \in F(\varphi)$, there exists an even positive integer $n$ such that $\varphi$ has order of contact $n$ at $\zeta$ and complex numbers $\alpha_0,\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\dots,\alpha_n$ with $\varphi(z)=a_0+a_1(z-\zeta)+\dots+a_n(z-\zeta)^n+o(|z-\zeta|^n)$ as $z \rightarrow \zeta$ unrestrictedly in $\mathbb{D}$. \par The paper under review investigates the essential normality of the composition operators acting on $H^2$ induced by self-maps $\varphi$ in the clss $S$. For $\varphi \in S$, the author proves that $C_{\varphi}$ is non-trivially essentially normal if and only if $F(\varphi)=\{\zeta\}$ for some $\zeta \ \partial{\mathbb{D}}$, $\varphi$ fixes $\zeta$, and $\varphi'(\zeta)=1$. As a corollary, the author establishes that if $\varphi$ is assumed to extend analytically to a neighborhood of $\overline{\mathbb{D}}$, it follows that $C_{\varphi}$ is non-trivially essentially normal if and only if there exists $\zeta \in \partial{\mathbb{D}}$ such that $\varphi$ fixes $\zeta$, $\varphi'(\zeta)=1$ and $\varphi$ maps $\partial{\mathbb{D}} \setminus \{ \zeta \}$ into $\mathbb{D}$. \par Furthermore, the author combines his main result on criteria for the normality of composition operators on $H^2$ with the Carathéodory-Fejér theory to prove a representation theorem for the rational self-maps of the unit disk which induce non-trivially essentially normal composition operators, and, therby, construct essentially normal composition operators which have arbitrary even order of contact with $\partial{\mathbb{D}}$ at a point $\zeta$.
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    Hardy space
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    composition operators
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    essential normality
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