A hypergeometric version of the modularity of rigid Calabi-Yau manifolds (Q1671688)

This paper considers the fourteen one-parameter families of Calabi-Yau threefolds whose periods are expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions. For these fourteen families, periods are solutions of hypergeometric equations with parameter \((r, 1-r, t, 1-t)\), where \begin{multline*} (r,t)=\Big(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\Big),\Big(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{3}\Big),\Big(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{4}\Big), \Big(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{6}\Big),\Big(\frac{1}{3}\Big),\Big(\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{4}\Big),\Big(\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{6}\Big),\\ \Big(\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{4}\Big),\Big(\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{6}\Big),\Big(\frac{1}{6},\frac{1}{6}\Big),\Big(\frac{1}{5},\frac{2}{5}\Big), \Big(\frac{1}{8},\frac{3}{8}\Big),\Big(\frac{1}{10},\frac{3}{10}\Big),\Big(\frac{1}{12},\frac{5}{12}\Big). \end{multline*} At a conifold point, any of these Calabi-Yau threefolds becomes rigid, and the \(p\)-th coefficient \(a(p)\) of the corresponding modular form of weight \(4\) can be recovered from the truncated partial sums of the corresponding hypergeometric series modulo a higher power of \(p\), where \(p\) is any good prime \(>5\). This paper discusses relationships between the critical values of the \(L\)-series of the modular form and the values of a related basis of solutions to the hypergeometric differential equation. It is numerically observed that the critical \(L\)-values are \(\mathbb{Q}\)-proportional to the hypergeometric values \(F_1(1), F_2(1), F_3(1)\), where \(F_j(z)\) are solutions of the hypergeometric equation for the hypergeometric function \(F_0(z)=_4F_3(z)\) with parameters \((r, 1-r, t, 1-t)\). This confirms the prediction of Golyshev concerning gamma structures [\textit{V. Golyshev} and \textit{A. Mellit}, J. Geom. Phys. 78, 12--18 (2014; Zbl 1284.33001)].