\(D\)-modules, Bernstein-Sato polynomials and \(F\)-invariants of direct summands (Q1673989)

The authors study the structure of \(D\)-modules over a ring \(R\) that is a direct summand of a polynomial or a power series ring \(S\) over a field. There are many results of interest. These results are natural extensions of results in the case of regular rings. Theorem A. Let \(K\) be a field and \(S\) be either \(K[x_1,\dots, x_d]\) or \(K[[x_1,\dots,x_d]]\), and \(R\) be a \(K\)-subalgebra of \(S\) that is a direct summand of \(S\) (i.e., \(R\to S\) splits as \(R\)-modules). Then the all cohomology modules \(H_I^i(R)\) have finite length as \(D_{R|K}\)-modules for every \(f\in R\) and every \(I\subseteq R\). In fact, their lengths are less than or equal to the length of \(H_{IS}^i(S)\) as \(D_{S|K}\)-modules. Theorem B. Let \(K\) be a field of characteristic \(0\), let \(S\) be either \(K[x_1,\dots, x_d]\) or \(K[[x_1,\dots,x_d]]\) and \(R\) be a direct summand of \(S\). Then for every nonzero \(f\in R\), there exists \(\delta(s)\in D_{R|K}[s]\) and \(b(s)\in \mathbb{Q}[s]\) such that \(\delta(t)f^t=b(t)f^{t+1}\) for every \(t\in\mathbb{Z}\). As a consequence, \(R_f\) is a cyclic \(D_{R|K}\)-module. Theorem C. Let \(S\) be a regular \(F\)-finite domain, and \(R\) be an \(F\)-finite ring that is a direct summand of \(S\). Let \(I\subseteq R\) be an ideal. Then the set of \(F\)-jumping numbers of \(I\) in \(R\) is a subset of the set of \(F\)-jumping numbers of \(IS\) in \(S\). In particular, the set of \(F\)-jumping numbers of \(I\) is descrete and rational.