Riesz transform on manifolds with quadratic curvature decay (Q1676059)

Let \((M^n,g)\) be a complete Riemannian manifold with infinite volume and let \(\Delta\) be its associated Laplacian. The Green formula \[ \int_M |df|^2_g \text{dvol}_g=\langle \Delta f,f\rangle_{L^2}=\int_M \left|\Delta^\frac{1}{2}f\right|^2\text{dvol}_g \] implies that the Riesz transform \[ R:= d\Delta^{-\frac{1}{2}}:\;L^2(M) \to L^2(T^*M) \] is a bounded operator. It is well known that on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) the Riesz transform has a bounded extension \(R:\;L^p(\mathbb{R}^n) \to L^p(T^*\mathbb{R}^n)\) for each \(p\in(1,\infty).\) In the case of complete Riemannian manifolds, various results are available which figure out the range of \(p\) for which the Riesz transform extends to a bounded operator \(R:\;L^p(M) \to L^p(T^*M).\) In the interesting paper under review, the author studies the boundedness of the Riesz transform on Riemannian manifolds whose Ricci curvature satisfies the quadratic decay lower bound \[ \text{Ricci}\geq -\dfrac{\kappa^2}{r^2(x)}g, \] where \(r(x)=d(o,x)\) and \(o\in M\) is a fixed point. Two criterions for \(L^p\)-unboundedness of the Riesz transform are given, and known results are recovered about manifolds that are Euclidean or conical at infinity.