Toric ideals and diagonal \(2\)-minors (Q1677574)

Let \(G\) be a finite simple graph with \(n\) vertices. With each edge \(\{i,j\}\) of \(G\) one associates the \(2\times 2\) diagonal minor \(X_{ii}X_{jj}-X_{ij}X_{ji}\) of an \(n\times n\) matrix of indeterminates over a field \(K\). They generate the ideal \(P_G\) in the polynomial ring \(K[X_{uv}: u=v \text{ or} \{u,v\}\in E(G)]\). The author shows that if \(G\) is bipartite, then every initial ideal of \(P_G\) is generated by squarefree monomials of degree at most \(\lfloor (m+n+1)/2\rfloor\). Another ideal associated with a graph \(H\) is the defining ideal \(I_H\) of the monomial algebra \(K[Y_iY_j: \{i,j\}\in E(G)]\). It is shown that for a connected graph \(G\) the ideal \(P_G\) can be identified with an ideal \(I_H\) for some graph \(H\) if and only if \(G\) has at most one cycle. Moreover, the author computes the universal Gröbner basis of \(P_G\) for certain graphs \(G\).