Adjoints to a Fourier-Mukai functor (Q1678136)

A result of Orlov proves that any fully faithful functor between derived categories of smooth projective varieties \(X\) and \(Y\) is isomorphic to a Fourier-Mukai functor \(\Phi^{X\rightarrow Y}_{\mathcal P}(\cdot)=R{\pi_{Y}}_{\ast}(L\pi_X^\ast(\cdot)\overset{L}{\otimes}\mathcal P):D_{\mathsf{Qch}}(X)\rightarrow D_{\mathsf{Qch}}(Y)\). Of recent interest is the improvement of the understanding of the Bridgeland stability manifold and the autoequivalence group of a derived category. A solution to this is involves explicit adjoints. For a Fourier-Mukai functor, this is an open problem in general. Recall that a perfect complex in the derived category \(D(X)\) is a complex that is quasi-isomorphic to a bounded complex of locally projective sheaves of \(\mathcal O_X\)-modules. When \(X\) and \(Y\) are smooth over a field, and the kernel of the Fourier-Mukai functor is a perfect complex, it is well known that the left and right adjoints exist and have a given form. This result was extended by \textit{R. Anno} and \textit{T. Logvinenko} [ibid. 231, No. 3--4, 2069--2115 (2012; Zbl 1316.14033)] to separable schemes of finite type over a field. Also, \textit{D. H. Ruipérez} et al. [ibid. 211, No. 2, 594--620 (2007; Zbl 1118.14022)] gave a formula for the adjoints for projective Gorenstein schemes over a field under the weaker assumption that the kernel is of finite homological dimension over \(X\) and \(Y\). In addition, they give the right adjoint in the projective case, under the same hypothesis for the kernel. This article proves the existence of left and right adjoints to a Fourier-Mukai functor, and gives explicit formulas under considerably weaker hypotheses. The main result is stated verbatim as follows: Theorem 1.1 Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be separated, quasi-compact schemes, essentially of finite type over a Noetherian scheme \(S\). i) Let either \(Y\) be quasi-projective over \(S\), or \(Y\) be such that there exists a compactification \(Y\overset{j}{\rightarrow}\bar{Y}\) with \(X\times_S\bar Y\) of finite Tor-dimension over \(X\). Let \(\mathcal P\) be a \(\pi_X\)-perfect complex in \(D^b_{\text{coh}}(X\times_S Y)\). Then \(\Phi^{X\rightarrow Y}_{\mathcal P}:D_{\mathsf{Qch}}(X)\rightarrow D_{\mathsf{Qch}}(Y)\) has a left adjoint \(\Phi^{Y\rightarrow X}_{\mathcal P_L},\) where \(\mathcal P_L=\underline{\mathcal Hom}_{X\times_S Y}(\mathcal P,\pi^!_X\mathcal O_X).\) ii) Let either \(X\) be quasi-projective over \(S\), or \(X\) be such that there exists a compactification \(X\overset{j}{\rightarrow}\bar X\) with \(\bar X\times_S Y\) of finite Tor-dimension over \(Y\). Let \(\mathcal P\) be a \(\pi_Y\)-perfect complex in \(D^b_{\text{coh}}(X\times_S Y).\) Then \(\Phi^{X\rightarrow Y}_{\mathcal P}:D_{\mathsf{Qch}}(X)\rightarrow D_{\mathsf{Qch}}(Y)\) has a right adjoint \(\Phi^{Y\rightarrow X}_{\mathcal P_R},\) where \(\mathcal P_R=\underline{\mathcal Hom}_{X\times_S Y}(\mathcal P,\pi^! _Y\mathcal O_Y).\) When the kernel \(\mathcal P\in D^b_{\text{coh}}(X\times_S Y)\) is a perfect complex, the formulas for the adjoints in the theorem coincide with the usual formulas. The formulas in the theorem are however (more) natural and dualizing (more) well-behaved. Given that the Fourier-Mukai functor is an equivalence of categories, \(\mathcal P\) is both \(\pi_X\)- and \(\pi_Y\)-perfect so that the explicit formulas realize to the adjoints, that is: Assume that \(X\) and \(Y\) are projective over \(S\), and let \(\mathcal P\in D^b_{\mathsf{Qch}}(X\times_S Y).\) If \(\Phi^{X\rightarrow Y}_{\mathcal P}:D^b_{\mathsf{coh}}(X)\rightarrow D^b_{\mathsf{coh}}(Y)\) is an equivalence, then \(\mathcal P\) is \(\pi_X\)- and \(\pi_Y\)-perfect and \(\Phi^{X\rightarrow Y}_{\mathcal P}\) has left and right adjoints given by the formulas above. This article applies recent results [\textit{J. Lipman} and \textit{M. Hashimoto}, Foundations of Grothendieck duality for diagrams of schemes. Berlin: Springer (2009; Zbl 1163.14001); \textit{S. B. Iyengar} et al., Compos. Math. 151, No. 4, 735--764 (2015; Zbl 1348.13022)] on the twisted inverse image pseudofunctor. These holds on the level of the derived category of quasi-coherent sheaves and extend previous results valid on \(D^+_{\mathsf{Qch}}(X)\) so that this article holds for the whole of \(D_{\mathsf{Qch}}(X).\) The results in this article are related to the study of flopping contractions and noncommutative deformations of \textit{W. Donovan} and \textit{M. Wemyss} [Duke Math. J. 165, No. 8, 1397--1474 (2016; Zbl 1346.14031)]. For a projective threefold \(X\) and a connected chain of flopping curves, Donovan and Wemyss [loc. cit.] produced an autoequivalence of the derived category of the threefold associated to the flopping construction. This autoequivalence is related to Bridgeland's flop-flop functor, and the existence of adjoints is required at several steps in the construction. The technology developed in this article allows them to drop the projectivity assumption, and to remove some conditions on the singularites, so that their result mainly holds over Gorenstein terminal singularities in a neighbourhood of the contracted curve. The results of this article is also relevant for identifying functors on derived categories of stacks with Fourier-Mukai transforms on the level of stable \(k\)-linear \(\infty\)-categories, \(\text{char}(k)=0\), and for the study of adjoints of functors given by a kernel in the context of \(D\)-modules, again over field of characteristic \(0\). The article contains important results, and is a nice application of Fourier-Mukai functors. It contains the definition of a complex being perfect relative to a morphsim \(f:X\rightarrow Y\), which is essential in proving the naturality of the constructions.