Levy-Steinitz theorem and achievement sets of conditionally convergent series on the real plane (Q1684727)

For a conditionally convergent series \(\sum x_n\) in \(\mathbb R^2\), denote by \(S(\sum x_n)\) the sum range of \(\sum x_n\), i.e., the set of sums of all convergent rearrangements of the series. According to the Lévy-Steinitz theorem, \(S(\sum x_n)\) is an affine subspace. The achievement set \[ A\left(\sum x_n\right) := \left\{\sum_{n=1}^\infty \varepsilon_n x_n : (\varepsilon_n) \in \{0, 1\}^{\mathbb N}\right\} \] of the series is the set of sums of all its subseries convergent in the original order, including the finite sums. The authors study conditions under which \(A(\sum x_n) = \mathbb R^2\). A straightforward necessary condition is \(S(\sum x_n) = \mathbb R^2\), but this condition is not sufficient. So the main question is to find additional conditions which, together with the equality \(S(\sum x_n) = \mathbb R^2\), ensure that \(A(\sum x_n) = \mathbb R^2\). The authors demonstrate that, if the number of Lévy vectors of the series is strictly greater than 2, then \(A(\sum x_n) = \mathbb R^2\). If the number of Lévy vectors is equal to 2 and the series has a ``reduction property'' introduced by the authors, then the equality \(S(\sum x_n) = \mathbb R^2\) implies that \(A(\sum x_n) = \mathbb R^2\). Some interesting examples and a number of intriguing open questions are also presented.