A simple proof of Kotake-Narasimhan theorem in some classes of ultradifferentiable functions (Q1685341)

\textit{T. Kotake} and \textit{M. S. Narasimhan} showed in [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 90, 449--471 (1962; Zbl 0104.32503)] that, given an open set \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}\) and an elliptic linear partial differential operator \(P(x,D)\) of order \(m\) with analytic coefficients, every smooth function \(u\) which satisfies \[ \|P(x,D)^ku\|_{L^{2}(\Omega)} \leq (km)! c^{k+1} \] for every non-negative integer \(k\) and a constant \(c>0\) (independent of \(k\)), is analytic on \(\Omega\). Later on, this result has been extended to Gevrey functions for operators with real analytic coefficients and to Denjoy-Carleman classes both of Roumieu and Beurling type by various authors. In the article under review, similar results in the context of ultradifferentiable functions are considered. Given a subadditive weight function \(\omega\) and a linear partial differential operator \(P=P(x,D)\) of order \(m\) with smooth coefficients on a domain \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}\), the following spaces are introduced: the space \[ \mathcal{E}^{P}_{(\omega)} (\Omega) := \big\{u\in\mathcal{C}^{\infty}(\Omega): \forall K \Subset \Omega\, \forall k\in\mathbb{N}\, \exists c_k>0\;\text{s.t.}\; \|P^qu\|_{L^{2}(K)}\leq c_k\mathrm{e}^{k\varphi^*(qm/k)}\;\forall q\in\mathbb{N}_0\big\} \] for the Beurling case and the space \[ \mathcal{E}^{P}_{\{\omega\}} (\Omega) := \big\{u\in\mathcal{C}^{\infty}(\Omega): \forall K \Subset \Omega\, \exists k\in\mathbb{N} \,\exists c>0\;\text{s.t.}\; \|P^qu\|_{L^{2}(K)}\leq c\,\mathrm{e}^{\frac{1}{k}\varphi^*(qmk)}\;\forall q\in\mathbb{N}_0\big\} \] for the Roumieu case. The authors show that, in both cases, these spaces contain the corresponding \(\omega\)-ultradifferentiable functions provided that the coefficients are in these spaces. More precisely, phrased for the Roumieu case, if the coefficients of \(P(x,D)\) are in \(\mathcal{E}_{\{\omega\}}(\Omega)\), then the inclusion \(\mathcal{E}_{\{\omega\}}(\Omega)\subset\mathcal{E}^P_{\{\omega\}}(\Omega)\) holds. In the Roumieu case, they also show that these spaces coincide if \(P(x,D)\), in addition, is elliptic. In the Beurling case, the situation is more complicated. Here, the ellipticity of \(P(x,D)\) only yields that \(\mathcal{E}_{(\omega)}^{P}(\Omega)\subset \mathcal{E}^{P}_{(\sigma)}\) for every subadditive weight function \(\sigma(t)=o(\omega(t))\) as \(t\to\infty\).