Complex structures of splitting type (Q1687702)

If \(\mathfrak{g}\) is a real Lie algebra of even dimension, then an endomorphism \(J;\mathfrak{g}\to\mathfrak{g}\) satisfying \(J^2=-\text{Id}\) and \(N_J(X,Y)=0\) is called a complex structure on \(\mathfrak{g}\), where \(N_J\) is the Nijenhuis tensor of \(J\). There are many interesting examples of compact complex manifolds whenever the simply-connected Lie group \(G\) of \(\mathfrak{g}\) has a lattice \(\Gamma\) of maximal rank. By extending \(J\) to the group \(G\) and then passing \(J\) to the quotient \(G/\Gamma\) one obtains nilmanifolds, respectively solvmanifolds, when \(G\) is nilpotent, respectively solvable, endowed with \(G\)-left-invariant complex structures. In [Manuscr. Math. 103, No. 1, 19--30 (2000; Zbl 0972.32017)], \textit{G. Ovando} classified the invariant complex structures on four-dimensional solvable, simply-connected real Lie groups with 3-dimensional commutator. In [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 157, No. 2--3, 311--333 (2001; Zbl 1020.17006)], in six dimensions, \textit{S. M. Salamon} classified the nilpotent Lie algebras that admit a complex structure, finding eighteen non-isomorphic Lie algebras. In [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2015, No. 24, 13757--13799 (2015; Zbl 1334.53079)], \textit{A. Fino, A. Otal}, and \textit{L. Ugarte} classified the 6-dimensional unimodular solvable Lie algebras admitting a complex structure \(J\) with non-zero closed \((3,0)\)-form \(\Psi\). In this paper, the authors study the six-dimensional solvmanifolds that admit complex structures of splitting type classifying the underlying solvable Lie algebras. A solvmanifold \(X=G/\Gamma\) endowed with a \(G\)-left-invariant complex structure \(J\) is said to be of splitting type if \(G\) is a semi-direct product \(G=\mathbb C^n\ltimes_\varphi N\) such that: (i)\, \(N\) is a connected simply-connected \(2k\)-dimensional nilpotent Lie group endowed with an \(N\)-left-invariant complex structure \(J_N\), (ii)\, \(\varphi(z)\in\text{Aut}(N)\) is a holomorphic automorphism of \(N\) with respect to \(J_N\) for any \(z\in\mathbb C^n\), (iii)\, \(\varphi\) induces a semi-simple action on the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{n}\) associated to \(N\), (iv)\, \(G\) has a lattice \(\Gamma\), and (v)\, the inclusion \[ \wedge^{\bullet,\bullet}(\mathfrak{n}\otimes_{\mathbb R}\mathbb C)^*{\hookrightarrow}{\wedge^{\bullet,\bullet}(N/\Gamma_N)} \] induces the isomorphism in cohomology \[ H^{\bullet,\bullet}_\partial(\wedge^{\bullet,\bullet}(\mathfrak{n}\otimes_{\mathbb R}\mathbb C)^*)\overset{\cong}{\rightarrow}{H^{\bullet,\bullet}_\partial(N/\Gamma_N)}. \] The authors prove that if \(X=G/\Gamma\) is a 6-dimensional solvmanifold endowed with a complex structure of splitting type, then there is a co-frame \(\{\omega^1,\omega^2,\omega^3\}\) of invariant \((1,0)\)-forms satisfying the complex structure equations \(d\omega^1=\varepsilon (\omega^{13}-\omega^{1\bar3})\), \(d\omega^2=\omega^{11}\), and \(d\omega^3=0\), \(\varepsilon\in\{0,1\}\). Also, they show that if \(\mathfrak{g}\) is a unimodular non-nilpotent solvable Lie algebra of dimension 6, then \(\mathfrak{g}\) admits a complex structure of splitting type if and only if it is isomorphic to one in the specified twelve Lie algebras \(\mathfrak{s}_i\). One part of the paper is devoted to the complex geometry of the Nakamura manifold and to the construction of some analytic families of compact complex structures on it. After classifying, up to equivalence, the splitting-type complex structures on the Nakamura manifold, the authors prove, by an appropriate deformation of its abelian complex structure, that the property of having holomorphically trivial canonical bundle and the property of being of splitting type are not stable under holomorphic deformations. Finally, the authors construct, for each \(k\in\mathbb Z\), a compact complex manifold \(X_k\) that does not satisfy the \(\partial\bar\partial\)-lemma, and prove that \(X_k\) admits a small holomorphic deformation \(\{(X_k)_t\}_{t\in\Delta_k}\) such that \((X_k)_t\) is a compact complex \(\partial\bar\partial\)-manifold for any \(t\neq 0\), where \(\Delta_k\) is an open disc in \(\mathbb C\) around \(0\).