Complex conjugation and Shimura varieties (Q1689476)

In this paper the authors study the complex conjugation acting on Shimura varieties. Let $\text{Sh}(G,X)$ be a Shimura variety defined by a Shimura datum $(G,X)$, and $c$ the complex conjugate. It is known that the conjugate variety $c\text{Sh}(G,X)$ is a Shimura variety of the form $\text{Sh}(G,\overline{X})$, where $\overline{X}$ is obtained by composing the elements of $x$ with complex conjugation on the Deligne torus. Under some natural extra conditions, the reflex field $E$ is either totally real or CM field, and the Shimura variety has a canonical model $\text{Sh}(G,X)_{E}$ over $E$. Suppose $E$ is a CM field, and let $E^{+}$ be the maximal totally real subfield of $E$. The aim of this paper is to investigate the descent of $\text{Sh}(G,X)_{E}$ to $E^{+}$. The authors show (Th.~2.3.1) that if $\theta: G\to G$ is an involution such that $\theta(X)=\overline{X}$, $\theta$ leads to a descent datum from $E$ to $E^{+}$, and we obtain a model of $\text{Sh}(G,X)$ over~$E^{+}$. The authors then construct involutions $\theta$ on $G$ that induces the opposition involution on the Dynkin diagram. If an involution $\theta:G\to G$ admits a pair $(T,x)$ consisting of a maximal torus $T$ of $G$ and a point $x\in X$ factoring through $T_{\mathbb{R}}$ such that $\theta$ preserve $T$ and induces $c_{T_{\mathbb{R}}}$ on $T_{\mathbb{R}}$, then $\theta^{\text{der}}$ is an opposite involution on $G^{\text{der}}$. Based on this observation, they construct an involution $\theta$ satisfying $\theta(X)=\overline{X}$ by extending an opposition involution on $G^{\text{ad}}$ (Prop.~3.4.8). In \S~4, they explicitly construct such involutions $\theta$ on those groups $G$ for which their simple factors of $G^{\text{ad}}$ are of type $A$ and $D^{\mathbb{H}}$. As a consequence, they prove (Th.~5.2.2) the existence of descent datum for such $(G,X)$. This covers a large family of Shimura varieties of abelian type. The constructions in this paper are carried out purely on the level of Shimura data and group theory.