Criteria for bounded valence of harmonic mappings (Q1689809)

Let \(f\) denote an orientation-preserving harmonic mapping on the unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\) with the representation \(f=h+\overline{g}\) where \(h,g\) are analytic in \(\mathbb{D}\) with \(g(0)=0\), and let \(\omega=\frac{g^\prime}{h^\prime}\) denote the dilatation of \(f\). The harmonic pre-Schwarzian derivative \(P_H(f)\) and the harmonic Schwarzian derivative \(S_H(f)\) of \(f\) are defined by \[ P_H(f)=\frac{h^{\prime\prime}}{h^{\prime}}- \frac{\overline{\omega} \omega^\prime}{1-|\omega|^2}, \] and \[ S_H(f)=\left(\frac{h^{\prime\prime}}{h^{\prime}}\right)^\prime-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{h^{\prime\prime}}{h^{\prime}}\right)^2 + \frac{\overline{\omega}}{1-|\omega|^2}\left(\frac{h^{\prime\prime}}{h^{\prime}}\omega^\prime-\omega^{\prime\prime}\right) - \frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{\overline{\omega} \omega^\prime}{1-|\omega|^2}\right)^2, \] respectively. The authors give some conditions for an orientation-preserving harmonic mapping in \(\mathbb{D}\) to be of bounded valence. These conditions are expressed in terms of the harmonic pre-Schwarzian derivative and the harmonic Schwarzian derivative.