Classification results of quasi Einstein solitons (Q1689870)

Let \((M,g)\) be a \(m\)-dimensional Riemannian manifold with metric \(g\). The metric is called \((\rho,\tau)\)-quasi Einstein if it satisfies the identity \[ \frac{1}{2}\mathcal{L}_{v}g+\operatorname{Ric}-\frac{1}{\tau} v^{\ast}\otimes v^{\ast}=\rho Rg+\lambda g,\qquad (1) \] for some vector field \(v\) on \(M\), \(\lambda\) a constant, \(\operatorname{Ric}\) is the Ricci curvature tensor of \(M\), \(\mathcal{L}_{v}\) is the Lie derivative of \(g\) with respect to \(v\), \(\rho\) and \(\tau\) are two given constants and \(v^{\ast}\) is the linear functional \(v^{\ast}(X)=g(v,X)\). A \((\rho,\tau)\)-quasi Einstein soliton is a Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) whose metric satisfies equation (1). A Ricci soliton satisfies the equation \[ \frac{1}{2}\mathcal{L}_{v}g+\operatorname{Ric}=\lambda g,\qquad (2). \] Thus, a \((\rho,\tau)\)-quasi Einstein soliton generalizes the Ricci soliton concept on \(M\) for some \(v\) when \(\tau=\infty\) and \(\rho=0\). A vector field \(v\) is a \((a,\tau)\)-concurrent if it satisfies the equation \[ \nabla_{X}v=aX+\frac{1}{\tau}g(v,X)v \] for any vector field \(X\) on \(M\), where \(\nabla\) is the Levi-Civita connection of \(M\). Particular cases are (1) closed torse vector fields given by \((a,1)\)-concurrent vector field, (2) concurrent vector fields when we have a \((1,\infty)\)-concurrent vector field. The following classification theorem is the main result achieved by the authors; Theorem A. Let \(\tau>0\), \(a\neq 0\) and \(\rho\) be given constants. Then a metric \(g\) on an \(m\)-dimensional Riemannian manifold \(M\) is \((\rho, \tau)\)-quasi Einstein for some constant \(\lambda\) and some \((a,\tau)\)-concurrent vector field \(v\), if, and only if, the following three conditions hold: \[ (a)\;\lambda=a+\frac{m-1}{\tau}a(1-m\rho), \] (b) \(M^{m}\) is an open part of a warped product manifold \(I\times_{f(s)}F\), where \(I\) is an open interval with arc length \(s\) and \(F\) is an \((m-1)\)-dimensional Einstein manifold whose Ricci tensor satisfies \(\operatorname{Ric}_{F}=(m-2)g_{F}\), where \(g_{F}\) is the metric tensor of \(F\), \[ (c)\;v(s,.)=\mu(s)\frac{\partial}{\partial s}. \] Moreover, after applying a suitable translation and dilation, \[ f(s)=\begin{cases} \sqrt{\frac{\tau}{a}}\sin\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{\tau}}s\right),\;a>0\\ \sqrt{\frac{-\tau}{a}}\sinh\left(\sqrt{-\frac{a}{\tau}}s\right),\;a<0, \end{cases} \] \[ f(s)=\begin{cases} \sqrt{a\tau}\tan\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{\tau}}s\right),\;a>0\\ -\sqrt{-a-\tau}\tanh\left(\sqrt{-\frac{a}{\tau}}s\right),\;a<0. \end{cases} \] Let \(\phi:M^{m}\rightarrow N^{n}\) be an isometric immersion from a Riemannian manifold \((M,g_{M})\) into an \(n\)-dimensional Riemannian manifold \((N,g_{N})\). Let \(\nabla^{M}\) and \(\nabla^{N}\) be the respective Levi-Civita connections. For vector fields \(X,Y\) tangent to \(M\) and \(\eta\) normal to \(M\) in \(N\), the Gauß formula and the Weingarten formula are given, respectively, by \[ \nabla^{N}_{X}Y=\nabla^{M}_{X}Y+h(X,Y) \] \[ \nabla^{N}_{X}\eta=-A_{\eta}X+D_{X}\eta, \] where \(h(X,Y)\) is the normal components of \(\nabla^{N}_{X}Y\), \(-A_{\eta}X\), \(A_{\eta}\) is the shape operator, and \(D_{X}\eta\) are the tangential and the normal components of \(\nabla^{ N}_{X}\eta\). For any vector field \(v\) on \(N\), denote by \(v^{T}\) and \(v^{\perp}\) the tangential and the normal components of \(v\) on \(M\), respectively. Assuming the metric \(g_{M}\) of a Riemannian submanifold \(M\) of a Riemannian manifold \(N\) is equipped with an \((a,\tau)\)-quasi concurrent vector field, the following theorem gives a necessary and a sufficient condition to guarantee that the metric \(g_{M}\) is \((\rho,\tau)\)-quasi Einstein. Theorem B. Let \((N^{n},g_{N})\) be a Riemannian manifold endowed with an \((a,\tau)\)-concurrent vector field \(v\). Then the metric of a submanifold \(M^{m}\) in \(N^{n}\) is \((\rho,\tau)\)-quasi Einstein for the vector field \(v^{\tau}\) and some constant \(\lambda\) if and only if the Ricci curvature of \((M,g)\) satisfies \[ \operatorname{Ric}_{M}(X,Y)=(\lambda+\rho R_{M}-2a)g_{M}(X,Y)-g_{M}(h(X,Y),v^{\perp}) \] for any \(X,Y\) tangent to \(M\), where \(R_{M}\) denotes the scalar curvature of \(M\). A Riemannian submanifold is \(\eta\)-umbilical, with respect to a normal vector field \(\eta\), if its shape operator \(A_{\eta}\) satisfies \(A_{\eta}=\phi I\), where \(\phi\) is a function on \(M\) and \(I\) is the identity map. Thus, the authors show that Theorem B implies the following result. Theorem C. Let \((N^{n},g_{N})\) be a Riemannian manifold endowed with an \((a,\tau)\)-concurrent vector field \(v\). Assuming the metric of a submanifold \(M\) in \(N\) is \((\rho,\tau)\)-quasi Einstein for the potential field \(v^{\tau}\) and some constant \(\lambda\), then \(M\) is trivial in the sense that \(g_{M}\) is Einstein if and only if \(M\) is a \(v^{\perp}\)-umbilical.