The existence and stability analyses of periodic orbits in 3-dimensional piecewise affine systems (Q1690498)

This article concerns piecewise smooth systems of ordinary differential equations on \({\mathbb R}^3\) of the form \[ \begin{aligned} \dot {\mathbf{x}}& = A (\mathbf{x} - \mathbf{p}) \text{ if } \mathbf{c}_\mu \cdot \mathbf{x} \leqslant d, \\ \dot {\mathbf{x}}& = B (\mathbf{x} - \mathbf{q}) \text{ if } \mathbf{c}_\mu \cdot \mathbf{x} > d, \end{aligned} \] where \(A\) and \(B\) are \(3 \times 3\) matrices, each of which has two distinct negative and one positive eigenvalue, \(\mathbf{p}\) and \(\mathbf{q}\) are fixed vectors, and \(\mathbf{c}_\mu\) is the vector \((1 - \mu, 0, 1)^T\) for a parameter \(\mu\) near zero. The authors provide conditions that guarantee existence of a periodic orbit for small \(| \mu | > 0\), in one case a periodic sink and in another a periodic saddle (that is, the periodic orbit corresponds to a hyperbolic sink or saddle of the Poincaré first-return map). Concrete examples illustrating the results are included.