Sheaves on \(\mathbb{P}^2\) and generalized Appell functions (Q1691335)

In this paper, the author derives a closed expression for the generating function of (virtual) Poincaré polynomials of moduli spaces of semi-stable sheaves on the projective plane \(\mathbb{P}^2\) with arbitrary rank \(r\) and Chern classes. This generating function is known to equal the partition function of topologically twisted gauge theory with \(N=4\) supersymmetry and gauge group \(U(r)\), which localizes on the Hermitian Yang-Mills solutions of the gauge field. To classify and study the novel generating functions, the notion of Appell functions with signature \((n_+,n_-)\) is introduced. For \(n-=1\), these novel functions reduce to the known class of Appell functions with multiple variables or higher level. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 is an introduction to the subject and main result. In Section 2 the author starts by writing the physical action for Hermitean Yang-Mills connections in terms of characteristic classes of the corresponding bundles. Section 3 briefly reviews topological invariants of moduli spaces of semi-stable sheaves and the wall-crossing formula for virtual Poincaré polynomials. Section 4 defines the generating functions of virtual Poincaré polynomials and derives a closed expression for the rational surfaces \(\mathbb{P}^2\) and \(\Sigma_1\) and arbitrary rank of the sheaves. In Section 5 the author discusses the classical Appell function and generalize it to the larger class of Appell functions with signature \((n+, n_-)\). The generating functions of Section 4 can be expressed in terms of specializations of generalized Appell functions.