Modulus in Banach function spaces (Q1692353)

Let \(p\geq 1\) and let \(\Gamma\) be a family of curves in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) \((n\geq 1)\). The \(M_p\)-modulus of \(\Gamma\) is defined as \[ M_p(\Gamma)=\inf\left\{\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \rho^p\,dx\right\}, \] where \(\rho\) runs over all nonnegative Borel functions such that \[ \int_\gamma \rho\,ds\geq 1 \quad (\gamma\in \Gamma). \] On the other hand, the approximation modulus, \(AM_p\)-modulus, of \(\Gamma\) is defined as \[ AM_p(\Gamma)=\inf \left\{\liminf_{i\to\infty} \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \rho_i^p\,dx\right\}, \] where \(\{\rho_i\}_{i=1}^\infty\) runs over all sequences of nonnegative Borel functions such that \[ \liminf_{i\to\infty}\int_\gamma \rho_i\,ds\geq 1 \quad (\gamma\in \Gamma). \] These moduli are used in the theory of function spaces and in mapping theory. The purpose of the paper under review is to study analogues of the \(M_p\)- and \(AM_p\)-modulus for more general Banach function spaces other than \(L_p\)-spaces. Given an arbitrary Banach function space \(\mathcal{F}\) on a metric measure space \(X\), the authors introduce the \(M_\mathcal{F}\)-modulus and the \(AM_\mathcal{F}\)-modulus of a family of curves in \(X\) in such a way that \(M_p=M^p_{L^p}\) and \(AM_p=AM^p_{L^p}\). Their main results are the following: Theorem 1. Let \(X\) be a metric measure space and \(\mathcal{F}\) be a reflexive Banach function space on \(X\). Then \[ M_\mathcal{F}(\Gamma)=AM_\mathcal{F}(\Gamma) \] for every curve family \(\Gamma\) in \(X\). Theorem 2. Let \(1\leq p\leq n\), and let \(L^{p,1}=L^{p,1}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be the usual Lorentz space. There exists a curve family \(\Gamma\) in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) such that \( AM_{L^{p,1}}(\Gamma)=0\), but \(M_{L^{p,1}}(\Gamma)=\infty\). Theorem 5. Let \(1\leq k\leq n-1\), and let \(E\subset\mathbb{R}^n\) be an \((n-k)\)-dimensional \(C^1\) surface. There exists a curve family \(\Gamma_t(E)\) (formed by the so-called right-tangential curves to \(E\)) such that \( AM_{L^{k,1}}(\Gamma_t(E))=0\), but \(M_{L^{k,1}}(\Gamma_t(E))=\infty\). Theorems 2 and 5 are proved in a broader generality than indicated above, namely in the setting of metric measure spaces. In particular, versions of tangential behavior in the context of metric spaces are presented.