Residual algebraic restrictions of differential forms (Q1692604)

The main goal of the paper is to describe germs of differential forms over singular varieties. It is a self-contained paper. The geometric restriction of differential forms to singular varieties is introduced by authors and its properties are given. The authors also study the algebraic restrictions of differential forms with vanishing geometric restrictions (residual algebraic restrictions). Let \(\Lambda^{\bullet}(M)=\sum_{k}\Lambda^{k}(M)\) denote the space of \(C^{\infty}\) differential forms on a \(C^{\infty}\) manifold \(M\) and \((\Lambda^{\bullet}(M),d)\) de Rham complex on \(M\), where \(\bullet\) indicates the natural graduation. Further, let \(\Lambda^{\bullet}_{Z}(M)\) denote the subspace of \(\Lambda^{\bullet}(M)\) consisting of differential forms vanishing on \(Z\) and \(\mathcal{A}^{\bullet}(Z, M)\) denote the differential ideal of \((\Lambda^{\bullet}(M),d)\) generated by \(\Lambda^{\bullet}_{Z}(M)\). For \(\omega \in\Lambda^{\bullet}(M)\), the residue class \([\omega]_{Z}^{a}\in \Lambda^{\bullet}(M)/\mathcal{A}^{\bullet}(Z, M)\) is called the algebraic restriction of \(\omega\) to \(Z\). The authors introduce the notion of geometric restrictions as follows: For \(\omega \in\Lambda^{\bullet}(M)\), the residue class \([\omega]_{Z}^{g}\in \Lambda^{\bullet}(M)/\mathcal{G}^{\bullet}(Z, M)\) is called the geometric restriction of \(\omega\) to \(Z\), where \[ \mathcal{G}^{\bullet}(Z, M) :=\{\omega \in\Lambda^{\bullet}(M); f^{*}\omega=0 \; \text{for any}\; C^{\infty}\; \text{mapping} \; f: N\rightarrow M \] \[ \text{from any} \; C^{\infty}\; \text{manifold}\; N \; \text{with}\; f(N)\subset Z\}. \] It is shown that \(\mathcal{G}^{\bullet}(Z, M)\) is \(d\)-closed and \(\mathcal{G}^{\bullet}(Z, M) \supset \mathcal{A}^{\bullet}(Z, M)\). Moreover, the authors introduce the vector space \(\mathcal{A}^{\bullet}(Z):=\Lambda^{\bullet}(M)/ \mathcal{A}^{\bullet}(Z, M)\) of algebraic restrictions to \(Z\) and the vector space \(\mathcal{G}^{\bullet}(Z):=\Lambda^{\bullet}(M)/ \mathcal{G}^{\bullet}(Z, M)\) of geometric restrictions to \(Z\). In spite of above, the authors introduce a kind of tangent bundle for any subset of a manifold to seriously understanding of geometric restrictions. For this purpose, they define geometric tangents and co-normals bundles. Some properties of tangent bundle are discussed in the paper. They also give a simple description of the space of differential forms with null geometric restrictions for a stratified set. A stratification \(\mathcal{S}=\{S\}\) is a locally finite collection of submanifolds of \(M\) giving a disjoint decomposition \(Z=\cup_{S\in\mathcal{S}} S\) of \(Z\), where \(Z\) is a subset of \(M\). Further, the authors obtain the results for algebraic tangents and co-normals. Furthermore, they investigate the geometric and algebraic restrictions to any subset of a manifold represented by a mapping. Meanwhile, the authors give some examples to justify their results. They also describe the geometric and algebraic restriction via a mapping in details with example. In the last of this paper, the authors compute thoroughly residues, for instance, (i) for hypersurfaces, \(dim_{R}\mathcal{R}^{m}(Z)\) is given by the Turina number of \(F\) at \(0\), (ii) for Lagrangian varieties, the first order residue \(\mathcal{R}^{1}(Z)\) is isomorphic as \(\Lambda^{0}(M)\)-module to the space of logarithmic vector fields modulo Hamiltonian vector fields restricted to \(TM|_{Z}\) and (iii) for plane curves-germs, the real analytic case classification is given. Finally, the paper is closed by presenting example on classification result which is shown in the paper.