Weingarten integration over noncommutative homogeneous spaces (Q1693836)

Following earlier developments around ``easy quantum groups'', which are combinatorially defined classes of compact quantum groups, in this article the author proposes a definition of ``easy quantum homogeneous space''. He can support his suggested definition by showing that natural noncommutative random variables on the quantum homogeneous spaces in question have asymptotic distributions, which is compatible with the so-called Bercovici-Pata bijection, relating distributions from classical and free probability theory. The article gives an account of all concepts it employs, however, proofs probably remain challenging to verify for the non-expert, which is unavoidable in view of the quickly developing theory of combinatorial quantum groups. In Sections 1 and 2, the author introduces the notion of quantum homogeneous space, pointing out in particular the difference between reduced and maximal versions of quantum homogeneous spaces. While in Theorem 2.4 the passage to the reduced version of a quantum homogeneous space is discussed, the construction of its maximal version is not made explicit. In the terminology of Definition 2.1, if \(\alpha: C(X) \to C(G)\) is an extended homogeneous space, then the universal enveloping \(C^*\)-algebra of \(\alpha(C(X)) \cap \mathrm{Pol}(G)\) is an extended quantum homogeneous space, which is the maximal version of \(X\). At this place, the remark is due that, in contrast to the article's presentation, in the reviewer's eyes it is appropriate to consider the reduced, maximal and other versions of a quantum homogeneous space as one and the same object represented through different algebras. This point of view is in complete analogy with the treatment of quantum groups through maximal and reduced versions of their algebras. Moreover, it is compatible with the author's conjecture on page 214, saying that the maximal and reduced versions of quantum homogeneous spaces over coamenable quantum groups agree. In Section 3, the author introduces quantum affine homogeneous spaces, which correspond for a classical compact subgroup \(K \leq \mathrm{U}(n)\) to the orbit of \(K\) on the complex sphere \(\mathrm{S}_{\mathbb{C}}^{n-1} = \{z \in \mathbb{C}^n \mid \|z\| = 1\}\). This is the content of the later Proposition 5.2. In the setting of quantum affine homogeneous spaces, the author develops explicit presentations for their reduced and maximal versions, so that in Section 4 he obtains an intermediate version, which is compatible with the presentation of the combinatorial class of easy quantum groups. The main insight in this direction can be found in Theorem 4.3. In Sections 5 and 6, the author applies his previous considerations to examples of quantum affine homogeneous spaces known from the author's earlier work. In Section 7, he then specifically considers quantum affine homogeneous spaces over easy quantum groups, for which he works out a combinatorial presentation in Theorem 7.4 and verifies in Section 8 the compatibility of his construction with the previously mentioned Bercovici-Pata bijection.