Bernstein- and Markov-type inequalities for rational functions (Q1699386)

The Bernstein inequality \[ \big|P_n'(x)\big|\leq\frac{n}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\,{\|P_n\|}_{[-1,1]} \] and the Markov inequality \[ {\|P_n'\|}_{[-1,1]}\leq n^2{\|P_n\|}_{[-1,1]}, \] where \(P_n\) is any polynomial of degree at most \(n\) and \({\|\cdot\|}_{[-1,1]}\) is the supremum norm on \([-1,1]\), are probably the most popular inequalities in approximation theory. In this paper, the authors prove inequalities of these types for rational functions \(R_n\) both on Jordan arcs and on Jordan curves, e.g. \[ \big|R_n'(z_0)\big|\leq{f}(z_0)\,{\|R_n\|}_{\Gamma}, \] where \(\Gamma\) is a \(C^2\)-smooth Jordan arc, \(z_0\in\Gamma\), and the factor \(f(z_0)\), which is shown to be sharp, is given in terms of the normal derivatives of the Green functions of the complement of \(\Gamma\).