Existence of an invariant form under a linear map (Q1702450)

Let \(\mathbb{F}\) be a field of characteristic different from \(2\), and let \(J\) be a fixed non-trivial involutory automorphism on \(\mathbb{F}\). Let \(V\) be a finite dimensional vector space over \(\mathbb{F}\). Suppose that \(\text{dim} V \geq 2\) and \(T : V \rightarrow V\) is an invertible linear map. The paper focuses on the existence of \(T\)-invariant nondegenerate \(J\)-Hermitian (or J-skew-Hermitian) forms on \(V\). To this end, let \(\chi_T\) denote the characteristic polynomial of \(T\). Suppose that \[ \chi_T(x) = (x - 1)^e (x + 1)^f \chi_{oT}(x), \] where \(e, f \geq 0\), and \(\chi_{oT}\) has no root \(1\) or \(-1\). Set \( T_0 = T|_{\ker \chi_{o T}(T)}.\) Clearly, \(\chi_{o T}\) is the characteristic polynomial of \(T\) and does not have any eigenvalue \(1\) or \(-1\). The authors prove that if \(T : V \rightarrow V\) is an invertible linear map, then \(V\) admits a \(T\)-invariant nondegenerate \(J\)-Hermitian form if and only if an elementary divisor of \(T_0\) is either self-dual, or its dual is also an elementary divisor with the same multiplicity.