Localized asymptotic solutions of the linearized system of magnetic hydrodynamics (Q1702478)

The purpose of this paper is to study localized asymptotic solutions of a linearized magnetohydrodynamic system with small viscosity, whose solutions can be expressed as the sum of Alfvén modes and summands describing their interaction. A general magnetohydrodynamic system consists of 8 equations with 11 unknowns. The number of unknowns can be reduced by applying Ohm's law. First, the authors present linearized equations of momentum conservation with a new notation, which is used in the entire paper: \((\mathbf{V}\cdot \nabla)\mathbf{v}\), where \(V\) is a smooth vector field. The following assumption is used: \[ (\mathbf{B}\cdot \nabla)\mathbf{v}- (\mathbf{v}\cdot \nabla)\mathbf{B}=0. \tag{1} \] A general vector analysis formula is \[ \nabla\times (\mathbf{v}\times\mathbf{B})\equiv(\mathbf{B}\cdot \nabla)\mathbf{v}- (\mathbf{v}\cdot \nabla)\mathbf{B}-(\nabla\cdot \mathbf{v} )\mathbf{B}+(\nabla\cdot \mathbf{B} )\mathbf{v}, \] where the last term disappears for magnetic fields (where \(\nabla\cdot \mathbf{B}=0\)). For ideal MHD we have \[ \mathbf{E}=-\mathbf{v}\times\mathbf{B}, \] which implies that \(\mathbf{E}'=\mathbf{E}+\mathbf{v}\times\mathbf{B}\equiv 0 \). \(\mathbf{E}'\) is the electric field of a system that accompanies the movement. With \(\mathbf{E}=-\mathbf{v}\times\mathbf{B}\) and \(\nabla\cdot \mathbf{B}=0\) we get \[ -\nabla\times\mathbf{E}+(\nabla\cdot \mathbf{v} )\mathbf{B}\equiv(\mathbf{B}\cdot \nabla)\mathbf{v}- (\mathbf{v}\cdot \nabla)\mathbf{B}. \] For stationary electric fields we have \(\mathbf{E}(\mathbf{x} )=-\nabla\phi\) and thus \[ (\nabla\cdot \mathbf{v} )\mathbf{B}\equiv(\mathbf{B}\cdot \nabla)\mathbf{v}- (\mathbf{v}\cdot \nabla)\mathbf{B}. \] In Eq. (2.1) page 738 it is also assumed that \(\nabla\cdot\mathbf{v}=0, \) which gives (1). Finally, asymptotic properties of Alfvén waves are studied by using Fourier transforms. The cases where the magnetic field vanishes and does not vanish are analysed.