Homogenization and the limit of vanishing hardening in Hencky plasticity with non-convex potentials (Q1703121)

The authors describe a homogenization result for an energy functional of Hencky type with a non-convex potential. They consider a domain \(\Omega \) of \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) with Lipschitz boundary. For every \(u\in BD(\Omega )\) \(( \mathfrak{E}u)\mathcal{L}^{n}u\) is the absolutely continuous part and \(E^{s}\) the singular part with respect to the Lebesgue measure \(\mathcal{L}^{n}\) of the symmetrized distributional derivative \(E(u)=\frac{1}{2}(Du+Du^{T})\). The subspace \(LD(\Omega )\) is defined as \(\{u\in BD(\Omega ):E^{s}=0\}\). The authors also define \(U(\Omega )=\{u\in BD(\Omega ):div~u\in L^{2}(\Omega )\}\) and \(LU(\Omega )=\{u\in LD(\Omega ): div~u \in L^{2}(\Omega )\}\). The first main result of the paper describes the asymptotic behavior of the functional \(\mathcal{F}_{\varepsilon }\) defined on \(L^{1}(\Omega )\) through \(\mathcal{F}_{\varepsilon }(u)=\int_{\Omega }f( \frac{x}{\varepsilon },\mathfrak{E}u(x))dx\) if \(u\in LU(\Omega )\) and \( \mathcal{F}_{\varepsilon }(u)=+\infty \) otherwise. The function \(f:\mathbb{R} ^{n}\times \mathbb{R}_{sym}^{n\times n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) is a Caratheodory function which is \((0,1)^{n}\)-periodic in the first variable, which satisfies the growth condition \(\alpha (\left| X_{dev}\right| +tr(X)^{2})\leq f(x,X)\leq \beta (\left| X_{dev}\right| +tr(X)^{2}+1) \) where \(X_{dev}=X-\frac{tr(X)}{n}I\) is the deviatoric part of the tensor \(X\) , and which satisfies the asymptotic convexity property: for every \(\eta >0\) there exist \(\beta _{\eta }>0\) and a Caratheodory function \(c^{\eta }: \mathbb{R}^{n}\times \mathbb{R}_{sym}^{n\times n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) which is \((0,1)^{n}\)-periodic in the first variable and convex in the second one such that \(\left| f(x,X)-c^{\eta }(x,X)\right| \leq \eta (\left| X_{dev}\right| +tr(X)^{2})+\beta _{\eta }\) for every \(x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}\) and \(X\in \mathbb{R}_{sym}^{n\times n}\). The author proves that \((\mathcal{F}_{\varepsilon })_{\varepsilon }\) \(\Gamma (L^{1})\)-converges to \(\mathcal{F}_{hom}(u)=\int_{\Omega }f_{hom }(\mathfrak{E} u(x))dx+\int_{\Omega }(f_{hom})^{\#}\frac{dE^{s}(u)}{d\left| E^{s}(u)\right| }(x)d\left| E^{s}(u)\right| (x)\) if \(u\in U(\Omega )\) and \(\mathcal{F}_{hom}(u)=+\infty \) otherwise. Here \(f_{hom}\) is defined through \( f_{hom}(X)=\inf_{k\in \mathcal{N}}\inf_{\varphi \in C_{c}^{\infty }((0,1)^{n};\mathbb{R}^{n})}\frac{1}{k^{n}}\int_{k(0,1)^{n}}f(x,X+\mathfrak{E }\varphi (x))dx\) and the asymptotic function \(g^{\#}\) of the function \( \mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) is defined through \(g^{\#}(X)=\lim \sup_{t\rightarrow \infty }\frac{g(tX)}{t}\). The authors also consider the regularized density \(f^{(\delta )}:\mathbb{R}^{n}\times \mathbb{R} _{sym}^{n\times n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) through \(f^{(\delta )}(x,X)=f(x,X)+\delta \left| X_{dev}\right| ^{2}\) for \(\delta \geq 0\) (an hardening coefficient) and the function \(\mathcal{F}_{\varepsilon }^{(\delta )}(u)=\int_{\Omega }f^{(\delta )}(\frac{x}{\varepsilon }, \mathfrak{E}u(x))dx\) if \(u\in W^{1,2}(\Omega )\) and \(\mathcal{F} _{\varepsilon }^{(\delta )}(u)=\infty \) otherwise. The authors here prove a commutative convergence diagram as \(\delta \rightarrow 0\) and \(\varepsilon \rightarrow 0\). The authors recall and establish properties of functions in \( LD(\Omega )\) and in \(U(\Omega )\). They also prove that \(f_{hom }\) is well-defined for every function \(f\) which satisfies the above hypotheses. They define weak, strong and \(c\)-strict notions of convergence for sequences of functions in \(U(\Omega )\). They then build the recession function of the restriction of \(f\) to \(\Omega \times \mathbb{R}_{dev}^{n\times n}\) assuming that is continuous and symmetric rank1 convex. For the proof of the convergence results, the authors use the above-indicated tools and integration and functional analysis tools.