Genus one fibered knots in 3-manifolds with reducible genus two Heegaard splittings (Q1709052)

A link \(L\) in a closed 3-manifold \(M\) is called a fibered link if its exterior is a fiber bundle over \(S^1\) whose fiber is an orientable surface and the boundary of each fiber is isotopic to \(L\) in \(N(L)\). If \(L\) is a knot and the fiber is a once-punctured torus then \(L\) is called a GOF-knot (genus one fibered knot) in \(M\). A Heegaard splitting of a closed 3-manifold is said to be reducible if there exists an essential simple closed curve on the Heegaard surface such that it bounds a disk in each of the two handlebodies. This paper shows a necessary and sufficient condition for a simple closed curve on the boundary of a genus 2 handlebody to decompose the handlebody into \(T\times I\), and it provides a criterion whether a simple closed curve on a genus 2 Heegaard surface is a GOF-knot which induces the Heegaard splitting. Note that if a closed orientable 3-manifold \(M\) admits a reducible genus 2 Heegaard splitting, then \(M\) is homeomorphic to \((S^2\times S^1)\#(S^2\times S^1)\), \((S^2\times S^2)\#L(p,q)\), \(L(p_1,q_1)\#L(p_2,q_2)\), \((S^2\times S^1)\), \(S^3\) or \(L(p,q)\). The author determines the number and positions of GOF-knots in each of the manifolds above. This gives an alternative and unified proof of the results of \textit{K. Morimoto} [J. Math. Soc. Japan 41, No. 1, 81--96 (1989; Zbl 0652.57008)] and \textit{K. L. Baker} [Bol. Soc. Mat. Mex., III. Ser. 20, No. 2, 449--465 (2014; Zbl 1320.57006) and Mich. Math. J. 63, No. 3, 553--569 (2014; Zbl 1304.57024)] on GOF-knots in \(S^3\), \((S^2\times S^1)\), lens spaces, and some non-prime 3-manifolds.